Early detection of disease outbreaks using the Internet

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1、CMAJAnalysisEarlydetectionofdiseaseoutbreaksusingtheInternetKumananWilsonMDMSc,JohnS.BrownsteinPhDPublishedatwww.cmaj.caonMar.12,2009.RevisedonApril14,2009.apidlyidentifyinganinfectiousdiseaseoutbreakisKeypointscritical,bothforeffectiveinitiationofpublichealthRinterventionmeasuresandtimelya

2、lertingofgovern-•Internetsurveillancetoolscanassistintheearlyidentifica-mentagenciesandthegeneralpublic.Surveillancecapacitytionofdiseaseoutbreaksandraisepublicawarenessaboutforsuchdetectioncanbecostly,andmanycountrieslacktheemergingdiseasethreats.publichealthinfrastructuretoidentifyoutbrea

3、ksattheirearli-•Surveillancebasedontrendsofspecifictermsenteredintosearchenginesoffersthepotentialtoassistinearlierde-eststages.Furthermore,theremaybeeconomicincentivesfortection,butthistechniquerequiresfurtherevaluation.countriestonotfullydisclosethenatureandextentofanout-•Searchenginequer

4、iesoftheterm“listeriosis”demon-break.1TheInternet,however,isrevolutionizinghowepi-stratedapossiblesignalofanoutbreakbeforetheofficialdemicintelligenceisgathered,anditofferssolutionstosomeannouncementwasmadeinCanada.ofthesechallenges.FreelyavailableWeb-basedsourcesofinformationmayallowustode

5、tectdiseaseoutbreaksearlierwithreducedcostandincreasedreportingtransparency.whichthenperformpublichealthvettingoftheinformalre-port.ThevalueofthisnetworkwasdemonstratedwhentheHealthsurveillanceusingtheInternetsystemidentifiedtheoutbreakofsevereacuterespiratorysyn-dromeinGuangdongProvince,Ch

6、ina,asearlyasNovemberAvastamountofreal-timeinformationaboutinfectiousdis-20027,morethan2monthsbeforetheWorldHealthOrgan-easeoutbreaksisfoundinvariousformsofWeb-baseddataizationpublicallypublisheddetailsoncasesofthenewrespi-streams.2Theserangefromofficialpublichealthreportingtoratoryillness.

7、informalnewscoveragetoindividualaccountsinchatroomsAparallelpioneeringeffortinInternet-basedsurveillanceandblogs.3–5BecauseWeb-baseddatasourcesexistoutsidewasstartedbytheInternationalSocietyforInfectiousDis-traditionalreportingchannels,theyareinvaluablet