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1、TheMythofMoralityInTheMythofMorality,RichardJoycearguesthatmoraldiscourseishopelesslyflawed.Attheheartofordinarymoraljudgmentsisanotionofmoralinescapability,orpracticalauthority,which,uponinvestigation,cannotbereasonablydefended.Joycearguesthatnat-uralselectionistoblame,inthatithas
2、provideduswithatendencytoinvesttheworldwithvaluesthatitdoesnotcontain,anddemandsthatitdoesnotmake.Shouldwethereforedoawaywithmorality,aswedidawaywithotherfaultynotionssuchasphlogistonorwitches?Possiblynot.Wemaybeabletocarryonwithmoralityasa“usefulfiction”–allowingittohavearegulativ
3、einfluenceonourlivesanddecisions,perhapsevenplayingacentralrole–whilenotcommit-tingourselvestobelievingorassertingfalsehoods,andthusnotbeingsubjecttoaccusationsof“error.”RICHARDJOYCEisLecturerinPhilosophyattheUniversityofSheffield.Hehaspublishedanumberofarticlesinjournalsinclud-ingJ
4、ournalofValueInquiry,Phronesis,JournaloftheHistoryofPhiloso-phy,andBiologyandPhilosophy.ThispageintentionallyleftblankTheMythofMoralityRichardJoyceUniversityofSheffieldPUBLISHEDBYCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS(VIRTUALPUBLISHING)FORANDONBEHALFOFTHEPRESSSYNDICATEOFTHEUNIVERSITYOFCAMBRIDGET
5、hePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,CambridgeCB2IRP40West20thStreet,NewYork,NY10011-4211,USA477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australiahttp://www.cambridge.org©RichardJoyce2001Thisedition©RichardJoyce2003Firstpublishedinprintedformat2001Acataloguerecordfortheoriginalprintedbo
6、okisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryandfromtheLibraryofCongressOriginalISBN0521808065hardbackISBN0511016557virtual(netLibraryEdition)Wretchedvirtue!Thouartamerename,butIdidpracticetheeasreal!Unknown;citedbyPlutarch“Desuperstitione,”MoraliaContentsPrefacepageix1Errortheoryandmotivati
7、on12Errortheoryandreasons303Practicalinstrumentalism534Therelativityofreasons805Internalandexternalreasons1066Moralityandevolution1357Fictionalism1758Moralfictionalism206Epilogue:Debunkingmyths232Selectbibliography243Index247viiThispageintentionallyleftblankPrefaceThisbookattemptst
8、oaccomplishtwotasks.Thefirstpartof
