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页数:11页
时间:2019-03-09
《化学热力学基础参考附标准答案》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、第一章化学热力学基础P19综合题解:(1)=-635.1+(-393.5)+(-1)×(-1206.9)=178.3(KJ.mol-1)=39.8+213.7+(-1)×92.9=160.6(J.mol-1.K-1)=178.3-298.15×160.6×10-3=130.41>0反应正向不自发,应该逆向进行。(2)根据有:P2111、(1)错(2)错(3)错(4)正确15、(1)△S<0(负)(2)△S<0(负)(3)△S>0(正)(4)△S>0(正)矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。16、Sθ:C(石墨,
2、s)3、m(Fe,s)-2△fHθm(Al,s)-△fHθm(Fe2O3,s)=-1675.7+2×0-2×0-(-824.2)=-851.5(kJ•mol-1)②C2H2(g)+H2(g)→C2H4(g)△fHθm(kJ•mol-1)226.73052.2611/11△rHθm=△fHθm(C2H4,g)-△fHθm(C2H2,g)-△fHθm(H2,g)=52.26-226.73-0=-174.47(kJ•mol-1)3.由下列化学方程式计算液体过氧化氢在298K时的△fHθm(H2O2,l):①H24、(g)+1/2O2(g)=H2O(g)△rHθm=-214.82kJ•mol-1残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。②2H(g)+O(g)=H2O(g)△rHθm=-926.92kJ•mol-1酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。③2H(g)+2O(g)=H2O2(g)△rHθm=-1070.6kJ•mol-1彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。④2O(g)=O2(g)△rHθm=-498.34kJ•mol-1謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。⑤H2O2(l)=H2O2(g)△rHθm=51.46kJ•mol-1厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。解:方法1:根据5、盖斯定律有:方程①-方程②+方程③-方程⑤-1/2方程④可得以下方程⑥H2(g)+O2(g)=H2O2(l)△rHθm△rHθm=△rHθ1-△rHθ2+△rHθ3-△rHθ5-1/2△rHθ4=-241.82-(-926.92)+(-1070.6)-51.46-1/2×(-498.34)=-241.82+926.92-1070.6-51.46+249.17=-187.79(kJ•mol-1)△fHθm(H2O2,l)=△rHθm=-187.79kJ•mol-1方法2:(1)由①可知H2O的△fH6、θm(H2O,g)=-241.82kJ•mol-1(2)根据④计算O的△fHθm(O,g)2O(g)=O2(g)△rHθm=-498.34kJ•mol-1△rHθm=△fHθm(O2,g)-2△fHθm(O,g)=0-2△fHθm(O,g)=-498.34kJ•mol-1△fHθm(O,g)=249.17kJ•mol-1(3)根据②求算△fHθm(H,g)2H(g)+O(g)=H2O(g)△rHθm=-926.92kJ•mol-1△fHθm(kJ•mol-1)249.17-214.82△rHθm=7、△fHθm(H2O,g)-2△fHθm(H,g)-△fHθm(O,g)=-241.82-2△fHθm(H,g)-249.17=-926.92△fHθm(H,g)=217.965kJ•mol-1(4)根据③求算△fHθm(H2O2,g)2H(g)+2O(g)=H2O2(g)△rHθm=-1070.6kJ•mol-1茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。△fHθm(kJ•mol-1)217.965249.17△rHθm=△fHθm(H2O2,g)-2△fHθm(H,g)-2△fHθm(O,g)=△fHθm(H2O2,8、g)-2×217.965-2×249.17=-1070.6△fHθm(H2O2,g)=-136.33kJ•mol-1(5)根据⑤求算△fHθm(H2O2,l)H2O2(l)=H2O2(g)△rHθm=51.46kJ•mol-111/11△fHθm(kJ•mol-1)-136.33△rHθm=△fHθm(H2O2,g)-△fHθm(H2O2,l)=-136.33-△fHθm(H2O2,l)=51.46△fHθm(H2O2,l)=-187.79kJ•mol-14.在373K,101.3
3、m(Fe,s)-2△fHθm(Al,s)-△fHθm(Fe2O3,s)=-1675.7+2×0-2×0-(-824.2)=-851.5(kJ•mol-1)②C2H2(g)+H2(g)→C2H4(g)△fHθm(kJ•mol-1)226.73052.2611/11△rHθm=△fHθm(C2H4,g)-△fHθm(C2H2,g)-△fHθm(H2,g)=52.26-226.73-0=-174.47(kJ•mol-1)3.由下列化学方程式计算液体过氧化氢在298K时的△fHθm(H2O2,l):①H2
4、(g)+1/2O2(g)=H2O(g)△rHθm=-214.82kJ•mol-1残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。②2H(g)+O(g)=H2O(g)△rHθm=-926.92kJ•mol-1酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。③2H(g)+2O(g)=H2O2(g)△rHθm=-1070.6kJ•mol-1彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。④2O(g)=O2(g)△rHθm=-498.34kJ•mol-1謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。⑤H2O2(l)=H2O2(g)△rHθm=51.46kJ•mol-1厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。解:方法1:根据
5、盖斯定律有:方程①-方程②+方程③-方程⑤-1/2方程④可得以下方程⑥H2(g)+O2(g)=H2O2(l)△rHθm△rHθm=△rHθ1-△rHθ2+△rHθ3-△rHθ5-1/2△rHθ4=-241.82-(-926.92)+(-1070.6)-51.46-1/2×(-498.34)=-241.82+926.92-1070.6-51.46+249.17=-187.79(kJ•mol-1)△fHθm(H2O2,l)=△rHθm=-187.79kJ•mol-1方法2:(1)由①可知H2O的△fH
6、θm(H2O,g)=-241.82kJ•mol-1(2)根据④计算O的△fHθm(O,g)2O(g)=O2(g)△rHθm=-498.34kJ•mol-1△rHθm=△fHθm(O2,g)-2△fHθm(O,g)=0-2△fHθm(O,g)=-498.34kJ•mol-1△fHθm(O,g)=249.17kJ•mol-1(3)根据②求算△fHθm(H,g)2H(g)+O(g)=H2O(g)△rHθm=-926.92kJ•mol-1△fHθm(kJ•mol-1)249.17-214.82△rHθm=
7、△fHθm(H2O,g)-2△fHθm(H,g)-△fHθm(O,g)=-241.82-2△fHθm(H,g)-249.17=-926.92△fHθm(H,g)=217.965kJ•mol-1(4)根据③求算△fHθm(H2O2,g)2H(g)+2O(g)=H2O2(g)△rHθm=-1070.6kJ•mol-1茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。△fHθm(kJ•mol-1)217.965249.17△rHθm=△fHθm(H2O2,g)-2△fHθm(H,g)-2△fHθm(O,g)=△fHθm(H2O2,
8、g)-2×217.965-2×249.17=-1070.6△fHθm(H2O2,g)=-136.33kJ•mol-1(5)根据⑤求算△fHθm(H2O2,l)H2O2(l)=H2O2(g)△rHθm=51.46kJ•mol-111/11△fHθm(kJ•mol-1)-136.33△rHθm=△fHθm(H2O2,g)-△fHθm(H2O2,l)=-136.33-△fHθm(H2O2,l)=51.46△fHθm(H2O2,l)=-187.79kJ•mol-14.在373K,101.3
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