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1、GlobalCausalOrderingwithMinimalLatencyR.Koch,L.E.Moser,P.M.Melliar-SmithDepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineeringUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,CA93106fruppert,moser,pmmsg@alpha.ece.ucsb.eduAbstractthenmprecedesminthecausalorder.Thecausalorder12isthetransitiveclosure
2、ofthesetworelations;thus,ifm1Causallyorderdeliveryofmessagesisausefulpropertyprecedesmandmprecedesm,thenmprecedesm.22313forcoordinatingtheactivitiesofprocessorsinadistributedEnsuringthatmessagesaredeliveredincausalordermaysystemandformaintainingtheconsistencyofreplicatedrequ
3、irethatsomemessagesaredelayed,sothattheycanbeinformation.Timestampsinthemessagescanbeuseddeliveredinthecorrectorder.toimposeacausalorderonthedeliveryofmessagesIngeniousalgorithmsandcarefulengineeringovermanyusinglogicalclocksorphysicalclocks.However,systemsyearshavereducedth
4、eadditionalcostofdeliveringmes-basedonlogicalclocksexperiencealatencytomessagesagesincausalorder.Unfortunately,thosealgorithmsaredeliverythatislargerthanthechannellatencybetweenthelesseffectiveinwide-areadistributedsystems,wherethemostdistantnodesinthesystem,whichcanbesignif
5、icantspeedoflightimposesnontrivialchannellatencies.Weforsystemsspreadoverwideareas.Inthispaper,wepresenthereasimplestrategy,appropriateforwide-areapresentaprotocolthatdeliversmessagesinsystem-widenetworks,thatachievesminimaladditionallatencyforthecausalorderalmostimmediately
6、afterreceipt,avoidingthedeliveryofmessagesincausalorder.additionallatencyduetocausalorderingbeforedelivery.Theprotocolisbasedonsynchronizedclocks,andassumes2RelatedWorkthattheskewbetweenanytwoclocksislessthanthechannellatencybetweenthemostdistantnodes.InBirman'sIsissystem[1]
7、asinitiallyimplemented,eachmessagecarriesahistoryofallofthemessagesthatcausallyKeywords:Causalorder,clocksynchronization,latency,precedeit.ThePsyncsystem[2]andtheRRTMprotocolmulticast,networkprotocol,wide-areadistributedsystem[3]adoptedasimilarapproach.Taggingmessageswithhis
8、toryinformationresultsinanoverheadthatgrowsnot1Introductiononlywiththenetwo
