appendix significant individuals and events in the history o

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1、—APPENDIXSignificantIndividualsandEventsintheHistoryofPsychologyThales(ca.625–545b.c.)Beginstoreplacesupernaturalex-Galen(ca.130–200)Perpetuatesthenaturalisticmedicineplanationsoftheuniversewithnaturalisticones;encouragesofsuchGreeksasHippocratesintotheRomanempire,andcriticismandimprov

2、ementofhisteachings.extendsthetheoryoffourhumorsintoarudimentarytheoryHeraclitus(ca.540–480b.c.)Observesthateverythinginofpersonality.theempiricalworldisinaconstantstateoffluxandthere-Constantine(ca.280–337)SignstheEdictofMilanin313forecanneverbeknownwithcertainty.makingChristianityato

3、leratedreligionintheRomanProtagoras(ca.485–415b.c.)Arguesthat“truth”canonlyempire.beunderstoodintermsofanindividual’sperceptionsandAugustine(354–430)CombinesStoicism,Neoplatonism,beliefs.andHebrewreligionintoapowerfulChristianteleologyac-Hippocrates(ca.460–377b.c.)Arguesthatbothmental

4、cordingtowhichevilexistsbecausepeoplechooseit,andandphysicaldisordershavenaturalcauses;aphysician’spri-Godcanbeexperiencedpersonallythroughintrospection.marytaskistofacilitatethebody’snaturalhealingability.
400–1000TheDarkAges.EuropeisgenerallydominatedDemocritus(ca.460–370b.c.)Propos

5、esacompletelymate-bymysticismandsuperstition.rialisticuniversewhereineverythingconsistsofatoms.Avicenna(980–1037)AnArabicphilosopher/physician,ap-Antisthenes(ca.445–365b.c.)PreachesCynicismorapliesAristotelianphilosophytoawiderangeoftopicsandback-to-naturephilosophywherebylifeislivedf

6、reefromattemptstomakeitcompatiblewithMuslimtheology.wants,passions,andtheconventionsofsociety.Anselm(ca.1033–1109)AddsreasontothewaysofPlato(ca.427–347b.c.)Postulatesadualisticuniversecon-knowingGodwithhisontologicalargumentfortheexis-sistingofabstractformsandmatter.Becauseonlytheform

7、stenceofGod.arechangelesstheyalonecanbeknownwithcertainty.PeterLombard(ca.1095–1160)ArguesthatGodcanbeAristotle(384–322b.c.)ArguesthatanunderstandingofknownthroughtheScriptures,throughreason,orbystudy-naturemustbeginwithitsdirectexamination.Everythinginingnature.naturehasaninherentpur

8、poset