On the Distinction between Institutions and Individuals

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1、ResistingIsraeliApartheid:Strategies&PrinciplesLondon,5December2004OntheDistinctionbetweenInstitutionsandIndividualsMonaBaker,UK Abstract.ThedebateontheboycottofIsraeliacademicinstitutionshasbeendominatedfromthestartbythecontroversyoverthedistinctionbetwee

2、ninstitutionsandindividuals.Numeroussupportersoftheboycotthavearguedeitherforexcludingfromtheboycottindividualscholarswhoopposetheirgovernment'spoliciesorboycottingonlythosescholarswhoactivelysupporttheZionistenterprise.Thispaperproposestreatingtheacademic

3、boycottasaformofeconomicboycott,ratherthanmerelyaresponsetothefailureofIsraeliacademiatotakeastandagainsttheirgovernment'spolicies.Itarguesthatfocusingonindividualpositionsratherthanonresearchinstitutionsasamajorsourceofprestigeandincomeforanydevelopedstat

4、e,Israelincluded,resultsinanadhoc,piecemealapproachthatisunmanageableaswellaslargelyineffectiveinpractice.Thepaperendsbyproposingasetofguidingprinciplesfortheacademicboycott.  ThedebateontheboycottofIsraeliacademicinstitutionshasbeendominatedfromthestartby

5、aconcernoverthedistinctionbetweeninstitutionsandindividuals,withmanycolleagueswhosupportaninstitutionalboycottproposingavarietyofmeasurestoavoidpenalisingindividualIsraeliacademics,especiallythosewhospeakoutagainsttheirgovernment'spolicies.Tomyknowledge,th

6、eissuehasnotbeenraisedinrelationtoeconomic,sportsorculturalboycotts.SupportersofaneconomicboycottdonotaskwhethertheindividualhotelworkerswhoarebeinglaidoffinIsraelareindividuallyfororagainsttheoccupation.Butwedokeepreturningtothisquestioninrelationtoacadem

7、icsaffiliatedtoIsraeliinstitutions. Inordertoassesstheimplicationsoftryingtolimitthescopeoftheinstitutionalacademicboycottsoasnottoaffectindividuals,weneedfirstofalltobeclearaboutthejustificationandgoalsofthisspecificformofboycott. WhyboycottIsraeliAcademi

8、cInstitutions? ThevariousanswersgiventothisquestionalmostalwaysmakereferencetotheculpabilityofIsraeliacademicsinjustifyingandsimplytoleratingtheoccupationwithoutspeakingoutagainstit.Theimplicationisthatiflarg