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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2009,35(4):685−694http://www.chinacrops.org/zwxb/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00685麦秸还田与实地氮肥管理对直播水稻生长的影响1,21111,*徐国伟谈桂露王志琴刘立军杨建昌12扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009;河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003摘要:大田直播粳稻品种扬粳9538,设置
2、麦秸还田与不还田、不施氮肥、习惯施肥法(FFP)和基于叶绿素仪(SPAD)测定值的实地氮肥管理(SSNM)处理。结果表明,SSNM的氮肥施用量较FFP减少30.0%~31.3%,产量较FFP平均增加7.61%,施氮区秸秆还田的产量较秸秆未还田的平均增加2.65%。与秸秆未还田或FFP相比,秸秆还田和SSNM降低生育前期的分蘖数、叶面积指数和干物质积累,但抽穗及以后各处理间差异较小。秸秆还田增加了叶片中有机酸含量,增大了田间昼夜温湿度差;秸秆还田和SSNM处理提高了茎蘖成穗率与ATP酶活性,增加了结实期叶片的光合速率以及根系活力,有利于直播水稻生育后期
3、群体的光合生产和提高物质生产效率。对秸秆还田和SSNM的产量和生育特性进行了讨论。关键词:直播水稻;麦秸还田;习惯施肥法(FFP);实地氮肥管理(SSNM);产量;生育特性EffectsofWheat-ResidueApplicationandSite-SpecificNitrogenManagementonGrowthandDevelopmentinDirect-SeedingRice1,21111,*XUGuo-Wei,TANGui-Lu,WANGZhi-Qin,LIULi-Jun,andYANGJian-Chang12KeyLaboratory
4、ofCropGeneticsandPhysiologyofJiangsuProvince,YangzhouUniversity,Yangzhou225009,China;AgriculturalCollege,He-nanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Luoyang471003,ChinaAbstract:TheannualtotalamountofcropresiduestrawexceedsbilliontonsinChina.However,about45–60%ofthemareburntordiscard
5、ed,whichnotonlywastesorganicfertilizersource,butalsopollutestheenvironment.Meanwhile,heavyuseofnitrogenfertilizerhasbecomeaseriousprobleminriceproduction.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheeffectsofwheatstrawincorporationtosoilandsite-specificnitrogenmanagement(SSNM)onth
6、egrowthanddevelopmentindirect-seedingrice.Amid-seasonjaponicaricecultivarYangjing9538wasdirectlysowninfieldwiththreenitrogen(N)fertilizertreatments,noNapplication,farmers’fertilizer-Npractice(FFP),andSSNMbasedonchlorophyllmeter(SPAD)readings.Theresultsshowedthat,comparedwithFFP
7、,SSNMreducedNapplicationby30.0–31.3%andincreasedgrainyieldby7.61%,onaverage.Thegrainyieldinthewheatresidue-incorporatedtreatmentwas2.65%,onaverage,higherthanthatintheresidue-removedtreatment.Incom-parisonwiththoseundertheresidueremovalandFFP,thenumberofstemsandtillers,leafareai
8、ndex,andbiomassaccumulationwerelessorlowerundertheresi
