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1、IsParallelProgrammingHard,And,IfSo,WhatCanYouDoAboutIt?Editedby:PaulE.McKenneyLinuxTechnologyCenterIBMBeavertonpaulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.comDecember16,2011iiLegalStatementThisworkrepresentstheviewsoftheauthorsanddoesnotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewoftheiremployers.IBM,zSeries,andPowerPCaretrademarkso
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3、cemarksofsuchcompanies.Thenon-source-codetextandimagesinthisdoc-umentareprovidedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution-ShareAlike3.0UnitedStatesli-cense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/).Inbrief,youmayusethecontentsofthisdocumentforanypurpose,personal,commercial,orotherwis
4、e,solongasattributiontotheauthorsismaintained.Likewise,thedocumentmaybemodified,andderivativeworksandtranslationsmadeavailable,solongassuchmodificationsandderivationsareofferedtothepubliconequaltermsasthenon-source-codetextandimagesintheoriginaldocument.SourcecodeiscoveredbyvariousversionsoftheGPL
5、(http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html).SomeofthiscodeisGPLv2-only,asitderivesfromtheLinuxkernel,whileothercodeisGPLv2-or-later.SeetheCodeSamplesdirectoryinthegitarchive(git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/perfbook.git)fortheexactlicenses,whichareincludedincommentheadersinea
6、chfile.Ifyouareunsureofthelicenseforagivencodefragment,youshouldassumeGPLv2-only.Combinedwork©2005-2011byPaulE.McKenney.Contents1Introduction11.1HistoricParallelProgrammingDifficulties................................11.2ParallelProgrammingGoals.......................................21.2.1Performan
7、ce...........................................21.2.2Productivity............................................31.2.3Generality.............................................41.3AlternativestoParallelProgramming...................
