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1、•JosephM.WilliamsTowardClarityandGrace•WithtwochapterscoauthoredbyGregoryG.ColombTheUniversityofChicagoPressChicagoandLondonJosephM.WilliamsisprofessorinthedepartmentsofEnglishlanguageandliterature,andlinguisticsandintheCollegeattheUniversityofChicago.GregoryG.Colombisassocia
2、teprofessorintheSchoolofLiterature,Communication,andCultureanddirectorofwritingprogramsattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology.TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Ltd.,LondonPublishedbyarrangementwithScott,ForesmanandCompanyCopyright©1990byJosephM.Wi
3、lliamsCopyright©1989,1985,1981byScott,ForesmanandCompanyAllrightsreserved.Published1990PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica9998979695949392919054321@lThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsoftheAmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences-PermanenceofPaperforP
4、rintedLibraryMaterials,ANSIZ39.48-1984.LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataWilliams,JosephM.Style:towardclarityandgraceIJosephM.Williams.p.cm.-(Chicagoguidestowriting,editing,andpublishing)Includesbibliographicalreferences.ISBN0-226-89914-4(alk.paper)1.English,languag
5、e-Style.I.Title.II.Series.PE1421.W5461990808'.042-dc2090-34828CIP,,,,,ContentsPrefaceix1Causes12Clarity173Cohesion454Emphasis675CoherenceI81WithGregoryG.Colomb6CoherenceII97WithGregoryG.Colomb7Concision1158Length1359Elegance15310Usage169Notes199Acknowledgments201Index203Prefa
6、ceThisbookoriginatedasStyle,firstpublishedasatextbookbyScottForesmanin1981andthenintwomoreeditionsin1985and1989.Iwroteitforfourreasons.First,thestandardbooksonstyledon'tgomuchbeyondhighmindedness.Theyareallforaccuracy,brevity,clarity,.andsoforth,butbeyondofferinggoodandbadexa
7、mples,noneofthemexplainshowtoachievethoseends.Second,thestandardbooksgesturetowardaudiences,butnoneofthemexplainsindetailhowawritermustanticipatewhatreaderslookforastheymaketheirwaythroughcomplex,usuallyunfamiliarmaterial.Third,thestandardbooksseemwhollyinnocentofrecentworkdo
8、neinthecognitivesciences,muchofitcentrallyrelevanttounderstandingthe
