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1、INSTRUCTOR’SMANUALtoaccompanySTYLE:TENLESSONSINCLARITYANDGRACESeventhEditionJosephM.WilliamsUniversityofChicagoNewYorkBostonSanFranciscoLondonTorontoSydneyTokyoSingaporeMadridMexicoCityMunichParisCapeTownHongKongMontrealNOTEREGARDINGWEBSITESANDPASSWORDS:Ifyo
2、uneedapasswordtoaccessinstructorsupplementsonaLongmanbook-specificWebsite,pleaseusethefollowinginformation:Username:awlbookPassword:adoptInstructor’sManualtoaccompanyWilliams,Style:TenLessonsinClarityandGrace,7thEditionCopyright©2003PearsonEducationAllrights
3、reserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Instructorsmayreproduceportionsofthisbookforclassroomuseonly.Allotherreproductionsarestrictlyprohibitedwithoutpriorpermissionofthepublisher,exceptinthecaseofbriefquotationsembodiedincriticalarticlesandreviews.ISBN:0
4、-321-10931-712345678910-DPC–05040302CONTENTSSomePreliminaries1LESSON1,UnderstandingStyle3LESSON2,Correctness12LESSON3,Clarity1:VerbsandActions15LESSON4,Clarity2:SubjectsandCharacters20LESSON5,CohesionandCoherence23LESSON6,Emphasis26LESSON7,Concision30LESSON8
5、,Shape31LESSON9,Elegance34LESSON10,StyleandEthics36APPENDIX38ANSWERSSECTION39SomePreliminariesIapproachteachingwritingdifferentlyfromthewaymanyothersdothesedays:Manythinkwecannotteachstudentsdirectly;ratherwecancreateonlythecircumstancesinwhichtheylearn.They
6、argueweshoulddreadbeingauthoritarian,thatweshouldnotpretendtoprivilegedknowledgethatweimpressonourstudentsasiftheywereacolonializedpeople;betterthatweencouragethemtodiscoverontheirownwhyreadersadmirethewritingofothersmorethantheirs,thatweshouldgetoutoftheirw
7、ayandletthem,incooperationandcollaborationwiththeirfellowstudents,workouttheirownunderstandingofwhatcountsasgoodprose.Ithinkthatmanytakethatviewbecausetheyhaveconvincedthemselvesnotjustthattheyhavenothingworthteaching(somethingaboutwhichtheymayberight),butth
8、atnoonedoes,anargumentthatIbelievehascontributedtoasubstantialdumbingdownofAmericaneducation.Ithinkwecan,infact,teachthingsthatstudentscannotlearnontheirown,oratleastnotquickly,thingsthattheywil
