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1、WaldenThoreau,HenryDavidPublished:18541AboutThoreau:HenryDavidThoreau(July12,1817–May6,1862;bornDavidHenryThoreau)wasanAmericanauthor,naturalist,transcendentalist,taxres-ister,developmentcritic,andphilosopherwhoisbestknownforWalden,areflectionuponsimplelivingin
2、naturalsurroundings,andhisessay,CivilDisobedience,anargumentforindividualresistancetocivilgovernmentinmoraloppositiontoanunjuststate.Thoreau’sbooks,art-icles,essays,journals,andpoetrytotalover20volumes.Amonghislast-ingcontributionswerehiswritingsonnaturalhistor
3、yandphilosophy,whereheanticipatedthemethodsandfindingsofecologyandenviron-mentalhistory,twosourcesofmoderndayenvironmentalism.Hewasalifelongabolitionist,deliveringlecturesthatattackedtheFugitiveSlaveLawwhilepraisingthewritingsofWendellPhillipsanddefendingtheabo
4、litionistJohnBrown.Thoreau’sphilosophyofnonviolentresistanceinfluencedthepoliticalthoughtsandactionsofsuchlaterfiguresasLeoTolstoy,MohandasK.Gandhi,andMartinLutherKing,Jr.Someanarch-istsclaimThoreauasaninspiration.ThoughCivilDisobediencecallsforimprovingrathert
5、hanabolishinggovernment—“Iaskfor,notatoncenogovernment,butatonceabettergovernment”—thedirectionofthisimprovementaimsatanarchism:“‘Thatgovernmentisbestwhichgov-ernsnotatall;’andwhenmenarepreparedforit,thatwillbethekindofgovernmentwhichtheywillhave.”Source:Wikipe
6、dia2Chapter1EconomyWhenIwrotethefollowingpages,orratherthebulkofthem,Ilivedalone,inthewoods,amilefromanyneighbor,inahousewhichIhadbuiltmyself,ontheshoreofWaldenPond,inConcord,Massachusetts,andearnedmylivingbythelaborofmyhandsonly.Ilivedtheretwoyearsandtwomonths
7、.AtpresentIamasojournerincivilizedlifeagain.Ishouldnotobtrudemyaffairssomuchonthenoticeofmyreadersifveryparticularinquirieshadnotbeenmadebymytownsmenconcern-ingmymodeoflife,whichsomewouldcallimpertinent,thoughtheydonotappeartomeatallimpertinent,but,consideringt
8、hecircumstances,verynaturalandpertinent.SomehaveaskedwhatIgottoeat;ifIdidnotfeellonesome;ifIwasnotafraid;andthelike.Othershavebeencuri-oustolearnwhatportionofmyincomeIdevote
