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1、HarmfulAlgae1(2002)14CommentHarmfulalgaeaperspectiveG.E.Fogg∗Bodolben,LlandegfanAnglesey,NorthWalesLL595TA,UKReceived1October2001;accepted13March2002WhenVirgil(7019b.c.)wrotethewordsNihilattributabletogreaterawarenessofthepublic,greatervilioralgathereisnothingfoulerthananalgaheattentionfromthem
2、edia,andtheattractionofscien-presumablyhadthestenchofdecayingseaweedintistsforinterestingchemicalandbiologicalproblemsmind.Macroscopicalgaecanindeedbeanuisance,whichmaybeperchancefund-worthy.However,al-aswhentheygettangledaroundaboatspropellerthoughitisdifficulttoproduceunequivocalevidence,orwhe
3、nanalienspeciesinvadesanddestroysnativeitseemsthattheincreaseisrealandthatincreasinglittoralcommunities,butmanyareofeconomicvalue,eutrophicationbyhumanagenciesisthemaincause.manyarequiteelegant,andnoneareparticularlyMicro-algaeplaytheoutstandingroleofprimarytoxic.Nowitisthemicro-algaethatattrac
4、tapprobiumproducersinaquatichabitats.Thevastmajorityofaspotentiallyharmfulnuisances.Virgilwouldnotthespeciesarenotonlyharmlessandessentialcom-haveknowntheseasalgae,ofcourse,butnodoubtponentsoftheseecosystemsbutareofexquisitewasfamiliarwiththescumsandslimesforwhichtheybeautywhenvieweddownthemicr
5、oscope.Theycanareresponsible,aswereGiraldusCambrensis(1188)neverthelessbenuisances,evenifnottoxic,insomeandShakespeare(1598).Ithasbeenknownforacircumstances;theirpopulationsmayoverwhelmlongtimethatsomewater-blooms,asdensegrowthsotherformsofaquaticlife,filtersmaybeclogged,ofthesemicro-organismsin
6、freshwaterarecalled,anddrinkingwatersacquireunwelcomeodoursorandredtides,whichareanalogouspopulationsinthetastes.Ifsuchalgaeoccurindenseconcentrationssea,maybeharmful.TheaccountintheBibleoftheanddie,theirdecompositionconsumesoxygenandfirstplagueofEgyptisaconvincingdescriptionofliberatestoxicsubs
7、tances,suchashydrogensulphideadinoflagellatebloomkillingfishintheNile.Fossilsothatfishmaybekilled,butalmostanyotherdeadcystsofatoxicspeciesofdinoflagellate,nowextinctmaterialmaydothesame.SomemaybetroublesomeinScandinavianwaters,indica
