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1、VirusesVirusesTheOriginandEvolutionofDeadlyPathogensJOSEPHPANNO,PH.D.VIRUSES:TheOriginandEvolutionofDeadlyPathogensCopyright©2011byJosephPanno,Ph.D.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,orbyanyinf
2、ormationstorageorretrievalsystems,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Forinformationcontact:FactsOnFile,Inc.AnimprintofInfobaseLearning132West31stStreetNewYorkNY10001LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataPanno,Joseph.Viruses:theoriginandevolutionofdeadlypathogens/JosephPanno.p.c
3、m.—(Thenewbiology)Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN978-0-8160-6855-5(hardcover)ISBN978-1-4381-3626-4(e-book)1.Viruses.2.Virology.I.Title.QR360.P362011579.2—dc222010023664FactsOnFilebooksareavailableatspecialdiscountswhenpurchasedinbulkquantitiesforbusinesses,associations,instituti
4、ons,orsalespromotions.PleasecallourSpecialSalesDepartmentinNewYorkat(212)967-8800or(800)322-8755.YoucanfindFactsOnFileontheWorldWideWebathttp://www.infobaselearning.comExcerptsincludedherewithhavebeenreprintedbypermissionofthecopyrightholders;theauthorhasmadeeveryefforttocontactcopyrightholder
5、s.Thepublisherswillbegladtorectify,infutureeditions,anyerrorsoromissionsbroughttotheirnotice.TextdesignbyErikLindstromCompositionbyHermitagePublishingServicesIllustrationsbytheauthorPhotoresearchbyElizabethH.OakesCoverprintedbyYurchakPrinting,Inc.,Landisville,Pa.BookprintedandboundbyYurchakPri
6、nting,Inc.,Landisville,Pa.Dateprinted:April2011PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica10987654321Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.ContentsPrefaceixAcknowledgmentsxiiiIntroductionxiv1TheOriginofViruses1TheFirstCellsSettheStage2MobileGeneticElements11Plasmids13Summary142ViralStructureandBehavior15DNA
7、Viruses16RNAViruses22Retroviruses26Summary293ViralTaxonomy31ViralFamilies32BacterialViruses33PlantViruses38HumanViruses41Summary554ABriefHistoryofVirology57ViralDiseasesintheAncientWorld58SmallpoxinEuropeandtheNewWorld60TheFirstVaccine6
