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1、OnsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEnglish-ChineseandChinese-EnglishtranslationTheawarenessofmajordifferencebetweenChineseandEnglisharethebasisforsuccessfultranslationbetweenthem.Asaresultofit,weneedfirstmakecomparisonsandcontrastsbetweenthetwolanguages. Themostimporta
2、ntdifferencebetweenthetwolanguagesliesinparataxisandhypotaxis.Chineselanguagetendstobeaparataxislanguage,thatis,connectivesbetweendifferentpartsofthesentenceorbetweenclausesarenotcompulsory.ChinesehasnorelativewordsandusesfewerconjunctionsthanEnglish,whileEnglishtendst
3、obeahypotaxislanguage,whichusesalotofcomplexsentencestructuresandrelationsbetweenclausesthatmustbeexpressedbyconjunctionsorotherrelievewords.Forexample,letusseeaChinesepassageanditsEnglishtranslation.1)今天晚上，很好的月光。（《狂人日记》）Themoonisextremelybrighttonight.2）午后便步行至鹊华桥，雇了一只
4、小船，荡起双桨。朝北不远，便到了历下亭前。上岸进去，入了大门，便是一个亭子，油漆已大半剥蚀完了。亭上还悬着一幅对联，写的是：“历下此古亭，济南名士多。”（《老残游记》）AfterlunchhewalkedtothesparrowFlowerBridge,wherehehiresasmallboatandpaddledalongtowardsthenorth.SoonhereachedtheLiXiapavilion.Thenhesteppedashoreandwentin,andwhenheenteredthegatehesawan
5、otherpavilion,thepaintoffwhichwaspracticallyallwornoff,andonitsfrontcolumnsweretwoscrollswiththefollowingwords:“Thepavilionisancientashistory;Jinanisfullofscholars.’’ Englishsentenceshavecomparatively“complete’’structure.Incontrast,manyChinesesentencesseemtobelooseinst
6、ructure;manyseemtobe“incomplete”.Chineseisatypicalanalyticallanguage,ofwhichgrammaticalmeaningsareexpressedmostlythroughlexicalmeansandwordorder,andthatiswhyChineseisalsocalledanisolatinglanguage.Therelationbetweendifferentpartsofaclauseorbetweenclausesisalsoveryloosei
7、nChinese,whichisoftencomparedas“flowingwater”.WangLi（王力）onceremarkedthatEnglishisalanguageof“ruleoflaw”(meaningithasstrictgrammarrules)whileChineseisalanguageof“ruleofman”（peoplecanexpresstheirideasmorefreelyaslongastheycanunderstandeachotherinanagreedway）.Forexample,n
8、omatterhowcomplicatedtheymaylook,Englishsentencescanbesummeduptobeofthreebasicsentencepattern.1）“S＋P（intransitiveverb
