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1、Chapter1TheDatabaseNomenclatureµviscosity,cP°APIgravitystandardat60°FcPviscosity,centipoisecStviscosity,centistokes3Ddensity,lb/ftexpconstantforexponentialpowersofebasevalue,2.7183MWmolecularweightPsystempressure,psiaPpressure,psiaPCcriticalpressure,psiaPRreducedpressure(P/PC
2、),psia°RT+460°FSG60/60specificgravityreferencedtopurewaterat60°FTtemperature,°FTBtrueboilingpoint,°F,ofASTMcurvecutcomponentorpurecomponentTCcriticaltemperature,°For°RTRreducedtemperature(T/TC),°R3Vmolarvolume,ft/lb-molZgascompressibilityfactorTomeetthisintroductorychallenge,
3、wemustfirstestablishadata-basefromwhichtolaunchourcampaign.Indoingso,considerthephysicalpropertiesofliquids,gases,chemicals,andpetroleumgener-12ChapterOneallyinmakingthisapplication:viscosity,density,criticaltemperature,criticalpressure,molecularweight,boilingpoint,acentricfa
4、ctor,andenthalpy.Thegreatmajorityoftheprocessengineer’sworkisstrictlywithorganicchemicals.Thisbookisthereforedirectedtowardthisdatabaseofhydrocarbons(HCs).Onlyeightphysicalpropertiesarepresentedhere.Aren’ttheremanyothers?Theanswerisyes,butremember,thisbookisstrictlydirectedto
5、wardthatwhichisindeedpractical.Manymorepropertiescanbelisted,suchascriticalvolumeorsurfaceten-sion.Ourquestistotakethesemorepracticaltypes(theeight)asourdatabaseandtherebysuccessfullyachieveourgoal,practicalprocessengineering(PPE).Atthispoint,itisimportanttopresentadisclaimer
6、.Manynotableengineerscouldclaimtheauthorislocotothinkhecanresolvealldatabaseneedswithonlytheeightphysicalpropertiesgivenorother-wisederivedinthisbook.Letmequicklystatethatmanyotherextendeddatabaseresourcesareindeedreferencedinthisbookfortheusertopursue.Onlyinsuchretrievalofth
7、eseandmanyotherdata-baseresources,suchassurfacetensionandsolubilityparameters,canPPEbeapplied.Anexampleisthatsurfacetensionandsolubilityparametersmustbothbedeterminedbeforetheliquid/liquidsoftwareprogramgivenhereincanbeapplied.Thisliquid-liquidextractionpro-gram(Chemcalc16[1]
8、)isincludedaspartofthePPEpresentation.(SeeChap.7.)Itisthereforeimpor
