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1、VLSIPhysicalDesign:FromGraphPartitioningtoTimingClosureAndrewB.KahngJensLienigIgorL.MarkovJinHuVLSIPhysicalDesign:FromGraphPartitioningtoTimingClosure1CAndrewB.KahngIgorL.MarkovUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiegoUniversityofMichiganDepartmentsofCSEandECEElectricalEngineeringandMailcode#0404C
2、omputerScienceLaJolla,California920932260HaywardSt.USAAnnArbor,Michigan48109abk@ucsd.eduUSAimarkov@eecs.umich.eduJensLienigDresdenUniversityofTechnologyJinHuElectricalEngineeringandUniversityofMichiganInformationTechnologyElectricalEngineeringandHelmholtzstr.10ComputerScience01069Dresden2
3、260HaywardSt.GermanyAnnArbor,Michigan48109jens@ieee.orgUSAjinhu@eecs.umich.eduISBN978-90-481-9590-9e-ISBN978-90-481-9591-6DOI10.1007/978-90-481-9591-6SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2011Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortr
4、ansmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Cove
5、rdesign:eStudioCalamarS.L.Printedonacid-freepaperSpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)ForewordPhysicaldesignofintegratedcircuitsremainsoneofthemostinterestingandchal-lengingarenasinthefieldofElectronicDesignAutomation.Theabilitytointegratemoreandmoredevicesonours
6、iliconchipsrequiresthealgorithmstocontinuouslyscaleup.Nowadayswecanintegrate2e9transistorsonasingle45nm-technologychip.Thisnumberwillcontinuetoscaleforthenextcoupleoftechnologygenera-tions,requiringmoretransistorstobeautomaticallyplacedonachipandconnectedtogether.Inaddition,moreandmoreoft
7、hedelayiscontributedbythewiresthatinterconnectthedevicesonthechip.Thishasaprofoundeffectonhowphysicaldesignflowsneedtobeputtogether.Inthe1990s,itwassafetoassumethattiminggoalsofthedesigncouldbereachedoncethedeviceswereplacedwellonthechip.Today,onedoesnotknowwhethert