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时间:2019-03-07
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1、AmericanEconomicJournal:EconomicPolicy2013,5(1):302–336http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.5.1.302SmokeGetsinYourEyes:†CigaretteTaxSalienceandRegressivityByJacobGoldinandTatianaHomonoff*Recentevidencesuggestsconsumerspaylessattentiontocommoditytaxesleviedattheregisterthantotaxesincludedinagood’spos
2、tedprice.Ifthisattentiongapislargerforhigh-incomeconsumersthanforlow-incomeconsumers,policymakerscanmanipulateatax’sregressivitybyalteringthefractionofthetaximposedattheregister.Weinvestigateincomedifferencesinattentivenesstocigarettetaxes,exploitingstateandtimevariationincigaretteexciseandsa
3、lestaxrates.Whereasallconsumersrespondtotaxesthatappearincigarettes’postedprice,ourresultssuggestthatonlylow-incomeconsumersrespondtotaxesleviedattheregister.(JELD12,H22,H25,H71,L66)Shouldgovernmentslevycommoditytaxesattheregisterorincludetheminagood’spostedprice?Traditionalapproachestotheeco
4、nomicsoftaxationofferlittleguidancetopolicymakerschoosingbetweenthetwotaxtypes.Indeed,neoclas-sicaltheorysuggeststhatthisaspectoftaxdesign—thechoicebetween“posted”and“register”taxes—doesnotaffectconsumerwelfarebecauseconsumerscor-rectlycomputeandaccountforalltaxesthatwillbeassessedonagiventra
5、nsaction.However,aseriesofrecentfindingscallthatinvariancepredictionintodoubt.Forexample,Chetty,Looney,andKroft(2009),hereafterCLK(2009),presentcompel-lingevidencethatconsumerspaymoreattentiontogoods’postedpricesthantoregistertaxesbecausetheformeraremoresalient—consumersseethepostedtax-inclus
6、ivepricewhenmakingtheirpurchasingdecisions.RelatedempiricalfindingsbyFinkelstein(2009)andCabralandHoxby(2010)arealsoconsistentwiththehypothesisthatthesalienceofataxshapestheextenttowhichconsumersperceiveit.Thislineofresearchsuggeststhatthepolicychoicebetweenpostedandregistertaxesmaynotbeasirr
7、elevantasneoclassicaltheorypredicts.Thispaperinvestigatesthedistributionaleffectsofthegovernment’schoicebetweenpostedandregistertaxes.SectionIconsidersthecaseinwhichconsumers*Goldin:DepartmentofEconomics,PrincetonUniversity,IndustrialRelation
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