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时间:2019-03-07
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1、TheRuleofLawintheShadowoftheGiant:TheHongKongExperience*TheHonSirAnthonyMasonACKBE**AbstractTheBasicLaw,constitutingtheHongKongSpecialAdministrationRegion,drawsauniquedistinctionbetweenthepoweroffinalinterpretationandthepoweroffinaladjudication.Unlikecommonlawjurisdictions,authoritativeinterpret
2、ationisinvestedoutsidethenationalandlocalcourtsystemsintheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople’sCongress.Theapproachmarksacleardeparturefromthetraditionalseparationofpowersintegraltotheruleoflawinacommonlawsystem.Yetitdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatiterodesthevaluesthatthetraditionalconceptionofthe
3、ruleoflawisdesignedtosupport.Thisarticleexaminesthescopeoftheinterpretivepower,thecharacteroftheStandingCommitteeandthefrequencyandwayinwhichthepowerisexercisedtodeterminethelegaleffectofStandingCommitteeinterpretationofHKSARCourts.Itconcludesthatdespitethepotentialtensionsinherentissuchasystem,
4、theprovisionsoftheBasicLawensurethatthedecisionsofHKSARCourtsarerespected,eveniftheirinterpretationsonoccasiongiveway.TheRuleofLawTheruleoflawisaconceptwhichhasdefieddefinition.ProfessorBrianTamanahahasdescribeditas‘anexceedinglyelusivenotion’1givingrisetoa‘rampantdivergenceofunderstandings’.Yet
5、,asLordBinghamofCornhillhaspointedout,theconcepthasbeenemployedinjudgmentsbyeminentjudgesasonewhichhassubstantiveandproceduralcontentandhasbeenreferredtointheConstitutionalReformAct2005(UK)andininternationalinstrumentsofhigh*ThisarticleisanadaptationofaspeechmadebySirAnthonyMasonaspartoftheSydne
6、yLawSchool’s‘DistinguishedSpeakersProgram’on30June2011.**SirAnthonyMasonisaformerChiefJusticeoftheHighCourtofAustraliaandhasbeenaNon-PermanentJudgeoftheHongKongCourtofFinalAppealsinceitsestablishmenton1July1997.1BrianTamanaha,OntheRuleofLaw(CambridgeUniversityPress,2004)3.624SYDNEYLAWREVIEW[VOL3
7、3:6232standing.InAustralia,theimportanceoftheconceptwasrecognised3bySirOwenDixonwhenhesaidintheCommunistPartyCasethat‘theruleoflawformsanassumption’onwhichtheAustralianConstitutionisbased.Theruleoflawisacombinationofinterrel
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