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1、PERSPECTIVEpubs.acs.org/JPCLMaterialsChallengesandOpportunitiesofLithiumIonBatteriesArumugamManthiram*ElectrochemicalEnergyLaboratory&MaterialsScienceandEngineeringProgram,TheUniversityofTexasatAustinAustin,Texas78712,UnitedStatesABSTRACTLithiumionbatterieshaverevolutionizedtheportableelec
2、tronicsmarket,andtheyarebeingintensivelypursuednowfortransportationandstationarystorageofrenewableenergieslikesolarandwind.Thesuccessoflithiumiontechnologyforthelatterapplicationswilldependlargelyonthecost,safety,cyclelife,energy,andpower,whichareinturncontrolledbythecomponentmaterialsused
3、.Accordingly,thisPerspectivefocusesonthechallengesandprospectsassociatedwiththeelectrodematerials.Specifically,theissuesasso-ciatedwithhigh-voltageandhigh-capacitycathodesaswellashigh-capacityanodesandtheapproachestoovercomethemarepresented.ithiumionbatterieshaveaidedtheportableelectronics
4、Lrevolutionduringthepast2decadesbecausetheystoremuchhigherenergyperunitweightorvolumecom-paredtootherrechargeablebatterysystems.Thehigherenergydensityisduetoourabilitytoachievehighvoltages(3-5Vpercell)duetotheuseofnonaqueouselectrolytesalongwithhighcapacityvaluescomparedto<2Vnormallyrealiz
5、edwithaqueouselectrolyte-basedbatterysystems.Duetothehigherenergydensities,lithiumionbatteriesarenowbeingintensivelypursuedfortransportationapplications,in-cludinghybridelectricvehicles(HEV),plug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEV),andelectricvehicles(EV).Theyarealsobeingseriouslyconsideredfort
6、heefficientstorageandutilizationofintermittentrenewableenergieslikesolarandwind.Renew-Figure1.Illustrationofthecharge/dischargeprocessinvolvedinableenergieswillnothavetheanticipatedimpactunlesswealithiumioncellconsistingofgraphiteastheanodeandlayeredLiCoO2asthecathode.findanefficientwaytos
7、toreandusetheelectricityproducedbythem;batteriesareanattractiveoptionforthis.Cost,safety,ElectrodeMaterials.Figure1illustratestheoperatingcyclelife,energy,andpoweraresomeofthemajorissuesinprinciplesinvolvedinalithiumioncell.Basically,thelithiumsuccessfullyadop