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1、ThisfulltextpaperwaspeerreviewedatthedirectionofIEEECommunicationsSocietysubjectmatterexpertsforpublicationintheICC2007proceedings.SecurityinAll-OpticalNetworks:Self-OrganizationandAttackAvoidance†Jae-SeungYeom1,OzanTonguz1,andGerardoCastanon´2DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering1CarnegieMel
2、lonUniversityPittsburgh,PA15213-3890,USAe-mail:{jyeom,tonguz}@ece.cmu.edu2CenterofElectronicsandTelecommunications,TecnologicodeMonterrey´EugenioGarzaSada2501Sur,Monterrey,N.L.,64849,Mexico´e-mail:gerardo.castanon@itesm.mx.AbstractWhiletransparentWDMopticalnetworksbecomeisnotregeneratedinthemiddleof
3、alightpath.Therefore,moreandmorepopularasthebasisoftheNextGenerationsignaldegradationisaccumulatedoverthepath.IthasbeenInternet(NGI)infrastructure,suchnetworksraisemanyuniquediscussedhowsignalscanbemaliciouslydesignedtopasssecurityissues.Theexistingprotectionschemeswhichonlycon-throughtransparentcom
4、ponents,causingundesirableeffectssiderunintendedfailuresandonlyrelyonpostmortemdetectionandreactionarenotsufficienttoprovidesecurityassuranceatremotecomponentsanddegradingothersignalspassingforsuchinfrastructureswhichrequiretimelyprotectionfromthroughthecomponents[1].malicioussabotageaswellasinadvert
5、entfaults.Moreover,asmayWhiletherearemanyreliabilitystudiestodefeatphysicalhavebeenobservedfrompastpractices,providingaparticularlayerimpairmentproblemsinAONs,thesemeasuresrequiresolutionspecializedtoeachincessantlydiscoverednewproblemshumanoperationtoadapttonetworkchangesorconcentratewouldnotdramat
6、icallyimprovethesituation.Inordertoincreasethesecurityoffuturenetworkswewillneedtoimbedintelligenceonfailuresthataremostlikelytohappen.Onthecontrary,intothenetworksuchthattheycancontinuouslylearnfromtheitislessimportanttoattackershowoftenafaultoccursexperienceinfaultsandself-organizetoprotectthemsel
7、vesfromspontaneously.Attackersratherhavemoreinterestinfailurespotentialfailurescausedbymaliciousnewattacksorordinarythatcanberepetedavenifthosearerare.Inaddition,attackersreliabilityproblems.Inthispap