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1、Revised:January22,1999TheInfectiousDiseasesPhysicianandtheInternetthSubmittedto5EditionPrinciplesandPracticeofInfectiousDiseasesG.L.Mandell,J.E.Bennett,andR.Dolin,editorsChurchillLivingstone,Incorporated–PublishersEdwardH.Shortliffe,MD,PhDProfessorofMedicineandofC
2、omputerScienceAssociateDeanforInformationResourcesandTechnologyStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicineLawrenceM.Fagan,MD,PhDSeniorResearchScientistStanfordMedicalInformaticsStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicineVictorL.Yu,MDProfessorofMedicineUniversityofPittsburghSchoolof
3、MedicineChief,InfectionDiseaseSectionVAMedicalCenter,PittsburghDecember1998RevisedJanuary1999PrinciplesandPracticeofInfectiousDiseasesShortliffe,Fagan,andYuIntroductionThelastdecadehaswitnessedaremarkabletransitioninthepenetrationofcomputingandcommunicationsconcep
4、tsintotheeverydaylifeofbothprofessionalsandthepublic.Itisarguablethatnootherinnovativetwentiethcenturytechnology(suchasradio,television,videorecorders,orfaxmachines)hasaffectedthesocietalconsciousnessasrapidlyandpervasivelyashastheInternetanditsmostfamousapplicati
5、on,theWorldWideWeb(1).Asrecentlyas1990,theWebwasunknownandtheInternetremainedlargelythedomainofacademics,scientists,andgovernmentagencies.Thenationalnetworkingconcepthadfirstemergedfromgovernmentanduniversityresearchlaboratoriesinthelate1960s,aproductoftheUSDepart
6、mentofDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(ARPA).Initiallyconceivedasamethodforinterconnectingmilitarycomputerssoastosharedataandcomputerprograms,thatearlyARPANET(asitwasknown)wasneverexpectedtohavetheremarkablybroadsocietalimpactthatweexperiencedinthe1990s.Norwa
7、sthereanyexpectationthattheInternetwouldintimebecomeacommercialentity,havingbeentotallyprivatizedintheUnitedStatesbyApril1995.TheWebwasoriginallyconceivedintheearly1990sbyresearchphysicistswhosoughtamechanismforsharingpublications,includingimages,ontheInternet.Itw
8、asthenrapidlypopularizedwiththeintroductionofsoftwareknownasbrowsers,thefirstofwhich(Mosaic)wasdevelopedandplacedinthepublicdomainbytheNationalCenterfor
