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1、iThisis¯le:lispbook.texLATEX'ed:January16,20081997-2-18,rev.2007-9-9InterpretingLISPbyGaryD.KnottPrefaceIwrotethisbooktohelpteachLISPtostudentsinacourseondatastructures.ConsequentlyitcontainsacarefuldescriptionofthedatastructuresmanipulatedbyLISPfunc
2、tions.Thesedatastructuresandothers,notablyhashtables,arealsousedinconstructingaLISPinterpreter.Iwishtoacknowledgethehelpofreadersinshapinganddebuggingthismaterial.ThestudyofLISP,coupledwiththestudyofaLISPinterpreterintendedforexhibition,isofspecialin
3、teresttostudentsintheareasofprogramminglanguagesandcomputerarchitectureaswellasdatastructures.Indeed,Ihopethisbookwillbeusefultostudentsinallareasofcomputerscience,andIalsohopeitwillbeusefultoautodidacts,professionalprogrammers,andcomputerenthusiasts
4、inawidevarietyof¯elds.Thisbookisintendedtobeaccessibletoawiderangeofinterestedreadersfromhighschoolstudentsthroughprofessionalprogrammers.IwouldverymuchliketoseestudentsusethisbooktohelpthemunderstandLISPinterpreters,andthusunderstandtheconceptsinvol
5、vedinbuildinganinterpreterforanylanguage.ThebestwaytoproceedistocompileandruntheCLISPinterpreter,andthenexperimentbymodifyingitinvariousways.Finally,Ihopethisbookcanhelpallwhouseitdevelopanaestheticappreciationofthiselegantprogramminglanguage.Copieso
6、fthislittlebookinPDFformat,togetherwiththeLISPinterpretersourcecodeandancillary¯les,canbeobtainedatwww.civilized.com.GaryKnottCivilizedSoftware,Inc.12109HeritageParkCircleSilverSpring,Maryland20906phone:1-(301)-962-3711email:knott@civilized.comURL:ht
7、tp://www.civilized.comCONTENTS1Contents1LISP:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::22TheAtomTableandtheNumberTable:::::::::::::::::::::::::23Evaluation::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::74SomeFunctionsandSpecialForms:::::::::::::::::::::
8、:::::::85S-Expressions::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::116Typed-Pointers:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::137PictorialNotation:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::148MoreFunctions:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::179ArgumentsandResul