interpreting signs

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1、Note-takingsymbolsandabbreviationsforyourreference:AbbreviationsinNotetakingUseonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.  Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.S  =  sumf  =  frequency  Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.cf  =  comparee.g.  =  

2、exampledept  =  department  Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.pol  =  politicsdem  =  democracylib  =  liberalcap  =  capitalism  Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.pres  =  presentationsubj  =  subjectind  =  individualcons  =  conservative  Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthe

3、wordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.assoc  =  associatebiol  =  biologyinfo  =  informationach  =  achievementchem  =  chemistrymax  =  maximumintro  =  introductionconc  =  concentrationmin  =  minimumrep  =  repetition  Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.p

4、pd  =  preparedprblm  =  problemestmt  =  estimatebkgd  =  backgroundgvt  =  government  Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.am't  =  amountcont'd  =  continuedgov't  =  governmenteducat'l  =  educationalFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.chpts  =  chaptersegs  =  examplesfs  =  frequen

5、ciesintros  =  introductions  Usegtorepresentingendings.ckg  =  checkingestg  =  establishingdecrg  =  decreasingexptg  =  experimenting  Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.  Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.  Leaveoutunimportantwords.Leaveoutt

6、hewordsaandthe.  Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.  Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.&  =  andw/  =  withw/o  =  withoutvs  =  aga

7、inst  =  therefore=  =  isorequal  Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.zb  =  German,forexampleibid  =  Latin,thesameworko  =  degreesH2O  =  waterMorereference:Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:+p