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1、PROSODICMORPHOLOGYANDTEMPLATICMORPHOLOGYJOHNMcCARTHYUNIVERSITYOFMASSACHUSETTS,AMHERSTALANPRINCEBRANDEISUNIVERSITY1.IntroductionMuchofthetime,morphologyisjustword-syntax.Thatis,themorphologicalgrammarofalanguagereducestostatementslike"nessisaLevel2suffix".Butt
2、hisisnotalwaystrue,andthecaseswhereitisnottruerevealagreatdealaboutmorphologicalstructureanditsrelationtophonology.Inmanylanguages,morphologicalcategoriesareexpressednotbyconventionalaffixesbutbymorphemeswhoseonlyconstantisafixedcanonicalpattern--whatmightbec
3、alledshape-invariantmorphology.Themostcommonkindofshape-invariantmorphologyisreduplication,butitisalsocentraltothesomewhatrarertemplaticmorphologyofArabic.InArabic,variousmorphologicaldistinctionsareexpressedbyspecifyingafixedcanonicalformofthestemthatdoesnot
4、varydespiteindependentmorphologicalorlexicalchangesintheconsonantsorvowelsthatfillthiscanonicalform.Forexample,(1)demonstratesthepropertyofshape-invariancefortheArabiccausative,knownasthefa••alaorForm2.(Hereandthroughoutthisarticle,unlessotherwiseindicated,Ar
5、abicwordsaregivenintheirstemform,whichabstractsawayfromtheeffectsofphonologicalrulesandtheadditionofinflectionalaffixesfromtheagreement,mood,andcase-markingsystems):McCarthy&Prince(1)ShapeInvarianceinArabicForm2(fa••ala)/ktb//drs//•lm//sm/'write''study''know'
6、'poison'kattabdarras•allamsammamperfectactivekuttibdurris•ullimsummimperfectpassiveCu+kattibdarris•allimsammimimperfectactiveCu+kattabdarras•allamsammamimperfectpassiveTakeninthecontextofthefulleranalysisoftheverbalsysteminMcCarthy(1981),thissmallarrayoffacts
7、issufficienttodemonstratethepropertyofshape-invarianceinArabictemplaticmorphology.Movingacrossthecolumnsof(1)changestheconsonantalroot,thefundamentallexicalunitofthelanguage.Despitethischangeintheconsonants,thecanonicalpatternremainsthesame.Similarly,movingdo
8、wntherowsof(1)changesthevocalism:voicegoesfromactivetopassiveoraspectfromperfectivetoimperfective.Againthecanonicalpatternremainsthesame.SimilarregularitiesaremetwiththroughouttheArabicsy
