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1、NBERWORKINGPAPERSERIESPATENTSANDCUMULATIVEINNOVATION:CAUSALEVIDENCEFROMTHECOURTSAlbertoGalassoMarkSchankermanWorkingPaper20269http://www.nber.org/papers/w20269NATIONALBUREAUOFECONOMICRESEARCH1050MassachusettsAvenueCambridge,MA02138June2014Webenefittedfromc
2、ommentsbyAlfonsoGambardella,JohnGolden,DietmarHarhoff,EmericHenry,NicolaLacetera,BhavenSampat,DavidSchwartz,CarlosSerrano,ScottStern,JohnTurnerandHeidiWilliams.FinallywethankseminarparticipantsattheNBER2013SummerInstitute,BenGurionUniversity,HebrewUniversi
3、tyofJerusalem,NorthwesternUniversity,TelAvivUniversity,UCBerkeley,UniversityofToronto,UniversityofTexasatAustin,TilburgUniversity,HitotsubashiUniversity,UniversityofWaterlooandMinesParisTech.DeepaAgarwal,FaryalAhmed,WilliamMatchamandJessicaZurawickiprovide
4、dexcellentresearchassistance.WearegratefulforfinancialsupportfromtheCentreforEconomicPolicyattheLondonSchoolofEconomicsandtheSocialSciencesandHumanitiesResearchCouncilofCanada.Theviewsexpressedhereinarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoft
5、heNationalBureauofEconomicResearch.NBERworkingpapersarecirculatedfordiscussionandcommentpurposes.Theyhavenotbeenpeer-reviewedorbeensubjecttothereviewbytheNBERBoardofDirectorsthataccompaniesofficialNBERpublications.©2014byAlbertoGalassoandMarkSchankerman.Al
6、lrightsreserved.Shortsectionsoftext,nottoexceedtwoparagraphs,maybequotedwithoutexplicitpermissionprovidedthatfullcredit,including©notice,isgiventothesource.PatentsandCumulativeInnovation:CausalEvidencefromtheCourtsAlbertoGalassoandMarkSchankermanNBERWorkin
7、gPaperNo.20269June2014JELNo.O33,O34ABSTRACTCumulativeinnovationiscentraltoeconomicgrowth.Dopatentrightsfacilitateorimpedefollow-oninnovation?Westudythecausaleffectofremovingpatentrightsbycourtinvalidationonsubsequentresearchrelatedtothefocalpatent,asmeasur
8、edbylatercitations.WeexploitrandomallocationofjudgesattheU.S.CourtofAppealsfortheFederalCircuittocontrolforendogeneityofpatentinvalidation.Patentinvalidationleadstoa50percentincreaseincitationstothefocalpaten
