Forshaw--Dynamics_&ampamp;amp;_Relativity-(Complete solutions on all problems at appendix).pdf

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1、DYNAMICSANDRELATIVITYJeffreyR.ForshawandA.GavinSmithSchoolofPhysicsandAstronomy,TheUniversityofManchester,Manchester,U.K.AJohnWileyandSons,Ltd.,PublicationContentsEditors’PrefacetotheManchesterPhysicsSeriesxiAuthor’sPrefacexiiiIINTRODUCTORYDYNAMICS11SPAC

2、E,TIMEANDMOTION31.1DefiningSpaceandTime31.1.1Spaceandtheclassicalparticle41.1.2Unitvectors61.1.3Additionandsubtractionofvectors61.1.4Multiplicationofvectors71.1.5Time81.1.6Absolutespaceandspace-time101.2VectorsandCo-ordinateSystems111.3VelocityandAccelera

3、tion141.3.1Framesofreference161.3.2Relativemotion161.3.3Uniformacceleration181.3.4Velocityandaccelerationinplane-polarco-ordinates:uniformcircularmotion201.4StandardsandUnits212FORCE,MOMENTUMANDNEWTON’SLAWS252.1ForceandStaticEquilibrium252.2ForceandMotio

4、n312.2.1Newton’sThirdLaw352.2.2Newton’sbucketandMach’sprinciple392.3ApplicationsofNewton’sLaws412.3.1Freebodydiagrams412.3.2Threeworkedexamples422.3.3Normalforcesandfriction462.3.4Momentumconservation49viiiContents2.3.5Impulse512.3.6Motioninfluids513ENERG

5、Y553.1Work,PowerandKineticEnergy563.2PotentialEnergy613.2.1Thestabilityofmechanicalsystems643.2.2Theharmonicoscillator653.2.3Motionaboutapointofstableequilibrium673.3Collisions683.3.1Zero-momentumframes683.3.2Elasticandinelasticcollisions713.4EnergyConse

6、rvationinComplexSystems754ANGULARMOMENTUM814.1AngularMomentumofaParticle814.2ConservationofAngularMomentuminSystemsofParticles834.3AngularMomentumandRotationAboutaFixedAxis864.3.1Theparallel-axistheorem944.4SlidingandRolling954.5AngularImpulseandtheCentr

7、eofPercussion974.6KineticEnergyofRotation99IIINTRODUCTORYSPECIALRELATIVITY1035THENEEDFORANEWTHEORYOFSPACEANDTIME1055.1SpaceandTimeRevisited1055.2ExperimentalEvidence1085.2.1TheMichelson-Morleyexperiment1085.2.2Stellaraberration1105.3Einstein’sPostulates1

8、136RELATIVISTICKINEMATICS1156.1TimeDilation,LengthContractionandSimultaneity1156.1.1TimedilationandtheDopplereffect1166.1.2Lengthcontraction1216.1.3Simultaneity1236.2LorentzTransformations1246.3VelocityTransformations1296.