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1、The“Mainstreaming’’ofAmerica:ViolenceProfileNo.11byGeorgeGerbner,LarryGross,MichaelMorgan,andNancySignorielliNewfindingsoftheCulturaEZndicatorsresearchprojectsupportearlierresultsandleadtoelaborationoftheconceptsof“mainstreaming”and“resonance.”Televisionmakesspecificandmeasurablecontrib
2、utionstoviewers’conceptionsofreality.Thesecontributionsrelatebothtothesyntheticworldtelevisionpre-sentsandtoviewers’reallifecircumstances.Thesearethebasicfindingsofourlong-rangeresearchprojectcalledCulturalIndicators,andtheyhavebeensup-ported,extended,andrefinedinaseriesofstudies.Herewe
3、shallreportnewfindingsandintroducetheoreticaldevelopmentsdealingwiththedynamicsofthecultivationofgeneralconceptsofsocialreality(whichweshallcall“main-streaming”)andoftheamplificationofissuesparticularlysalienttocertaingroupsofviewers(whichweshallcall“resonance”).Thedesignofourresearchco
4、nsistsoftwointerrelatedparts:messagesystemanalysisandcultivationanalysis.Messagesystemanalysisistheannualmon-itoringofsamplesofprime-timeandweekenddaytimenetworkdramaticpro-gramming(includingseries,otherplays,comedies,movies,andcartoons).Culti-vationanalysisistheinvestigationofviewercon
5、ceptionsofsocialrealityassociatedwiththemostrecurrentfeaturesoftheworldoftelevision.Ourstud-iessince1967-68havetracedsomeconceptualandbehavioralcorrelatesofgrowingupandlivingwithatelevisionworldinwhichmenoutnumberwomenthreetoone,youngpeoplecompriseone-thirdandoldpeopleone-fifthoftheirre
6、alnumbers,professionalsandlaw-enforcersdominatetheoccupations,andanGeorgeGerbner,LarryGross,MichaelMorgan,andNancySignorielliaremembersoftheCul-turalIndicatorsresearchteamatTheAnnenbergSchoolofCommunications,UniversityofPennsyl-vania.ThisresearchisconductedundergrantsfromtheNationalInst
7、ituteofMentalHealth,theAmericanMedicalAssociation,andtheAdministrationonAging.ATechnicalReportwithdetailsofmethodologyandresults(25)and“Highlights”containingthemostimportanttabulationsareavailable.10The“Mainstsecrming”ofAmedca:VidencePm$kNo.I1averageoffiveactsofviolenceperprime
