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1、.WorkedexamplesintheGeometryofCrystalsSecondeditionH.K.D.H.BhadeshiaProfessorofPhysicalMetallurgyUniversityofCambridgeAdjunctProfessorofComputationalMetallurgyGraduateInstituteofFerrousTechnologyPOSTECH,SouthKoreaFellowofDarwinCollege,CambridgeiBook377ISBN0904357945Firstediti
2、onpublishedin1987byTheInstituteofMetalsTheInstituteofMetals1CarltonHouseTerraceandNorthAmericanPublicationsCenterLondonSW1Y5DBOldPostRoadBrookfield,VT05036,USA!cTHEINSTITUTEOFMETALS1987ALLRIGHTSRESERVEDBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataBhadeshia,H.K.D.H.Workedexamplesi
3、nthegeometryofcrystals.1.Crystallography,Mathematical—–Problems,exercises,etc.I.Title548’.1QD911ISBN0–904357–94–5COVERILLUSTRATIONshowsanet–likesub–grainboundaryinannealedbainite,×150,000.PhotographbycourtesyofJ.R.YangCompiledfromoriginaltypesettingandillustrationsprovidedbyt
4、heauthorSECONDEDITION,published2001,updated2006PublishedelectronicallywithpermissionfromtheInstituteofMaterials1CarltonHouseTerraceLondonSW1Y5DBiiPrefaceFirstEditionAlargepartofcrystallographydealswiththewayinwhichatomsarearrangedinsinglecrys-tals.Ontheotherhand,aknowledgeoft
5、herelationshipsbetweencrystalsinapolycrystallinematerialcanbefascinatingfromthepointofviewofmaterialsscience.Itisthisaspectofcrystallographywhichisthesubjectofthismonograph.Themonographisaimedatbothundergraduatesandgraduatestudentsandassumesonlyanelementaryknowledgeofcrystal-
6、lography.Althoughuseismadeofvectorandmatrixalgebra,readersnotfamiliarwiththesemethodsshouldnotbeatadisadvantageafterstudyingappendix1.Infact,themathematicsnecessaryforagoodgraspofthesubjectisnotveryadvancedbuttheconceptsinvolvedcanbedifficulttoabsorb.Itisforthisreasonthattheboo
7、kisbasedonworkedexamples,whichareintendedtomaketheideaslessabstract.Duetoitswide–rangingapplications,thesubjecthasdevelopedwithmanydifferentschemesfornotationandthiscanbeconfusingtothenovice.TheextendednotationusedthroughoutthistextwasintroducedfirstbyMackenzieandBowles;Ibeliev
8、ethatthisisaclearandunambiguousschemewhichisparticularlypowerfulindi
