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1、ExamplesforPhonologySequentialrule[blik]vs.[kilb][ilbk]etc.inE,ifawordbeginswitha[l]ora[r],thenthenextmustbeavowel.That’swhy[lbik]isanimpossiblecombination.Itviolatestherestrictionsonthesequencingofphonemes.Alsoifthreeconsonantsshouldclustertogetheratthebeginningofaword,thecombinationshouldobey
2、thefollowingthreerules:Thefirstphonememustbe/s/Thesecondmustbe/p/or/t/or/k/Thethirdmustbe/l/or/r/or/w/Spring,string,squeal,splendid(languagespecific)AssimilationruleIndiscrete(alveolar),inconceivable(velar),input(bilabial)Thesoundassimilationisactuallyreflectedinspellinginmostcases,impossible,i
3、mplausible,import,illegal,irrelevant,etc,nevertheless,therearestillwordslikeinput,Canberra,unbeatable,etc.DeletionruleIttellsuswhenasoundistobedeletedalthoughitisorthographicallyrepresented.Sign,designandparadigm,itispronouncedinthecorrespondingderivativesofthesewords,signature,designationandpa
4、radigmatic.Therulecanbestatedas:deletea[g]whenitoccursbeforeafinalnasalconsonant.ItaccountsforsomeoftheseemingirregularitiesofEspelling.SomeChineseconsonantsarerathersimilartoEnglishconsonants,butit'simportanttohearthedifferencesandgetalldetailsasaccurateaspossible!MandarinPinyinEnglishEquivale
5、ntbAsinEnglish,butwithnovibrationsinthevocalcords.LikeanEnglish"p"withnoexhalation!pAsinEnglish,butwithstrongexhalation!mAsinEnglish.fAsinEnglish.1.1Theinitialandfinalsoundsmakeatotalof56basicsounds.Combinationsofinitialsandfinalsplusthespecialcasesresultin411possiblecombinations.Applyingthefou
6、rtonesofMandarinChinesetothis,wegetatotalofaround1,600uniquesyllables.Aspirationmeansexhalation,apuffofair.InmanyEuropeanlanguages,thedifferencebetweenthesoundsof"b/p","d/t"and"g/k"isusuallythatthefirstineachpairisvoiced(i.e.youcanfeelyoularynx"buzzing"whenyoupronouncetheletters)andthesecondnot
7、10voiced(i.e.thereisno"buzzing").InChinesethedifferencebetweentheseconsonantpairsisthatthefirstineachpairisunaspirated(i.e.youexhaleverylittle)andthesecondisaspirated(i.e.youexhalenoticeably).InChinesewefindthefollowingpairsofthep
