Hood_A public management for all seasons.pdf

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1、APUBLICMANAGEMENTFORALLSEASONS?CHRISTOPHERHOODThisartictediscusses:thedoctrinalcontentofthegroupofideasknownas'newpublicmanagement'(NPM);theintellectualprovenanceofthoseideas;explcinationsfortheirapparentpersuasivenessinthe1980s;andcriticismswhichhavebeenmadeofthenewdoc-trines.

2、ParticularattentionispaidtotheclaimthatNPMoffersanall-purposekeytobetterprovisionofpublicservices.TTiisarticlearguesthatNPMhasbeenmostcommonlycriticizedintermsofaclaimedcontradictionbetween'equity'and'efficiency'values,butthatanycritiquewhichistosurviveNPM'sclaimto'infiniterepr

3、ogrammability'mustbecouchedintermsofpossibleconflictsbetweenadministrativevalues.TheconclusionisthattheESRC'sIvlanagementinGovernment'researchirutiativehasbeenmorevaluableinhelpingtoidentifyratherthantodefinitivelyanswer,thekeyconceptualquestionsraisedbyNPM.THERISEOFNEWPUBLICMA

4、NAGEMENT(NPM)Theriseof'newpublicmanagement'(hereafterNPM)overthepast15yearsisoneofthemoststrikingintemationaltrendsinpublicadministration.ThoughtheresearchreportedintheotherpapersinthisissuerefersmainlytoUKexperience,NPMisemphaticallynotauniquelyBritishdevelopment.NPM'sriseseem

5、stobelinkedwithfourotheradministrative'megatrends',namely:(i)attemptstoslowdownorreversegovemmentgrowthintermsofovertpublicspendingandstaffing(DunsireandHood1989);(ii)theshifttowardprivatizationandquasi-privatizationandawayfromcoregovemmentinstitutions,withrenewedemphasison'sub

6、sidiarity'inserviceprovision(cf.HoodandSchuppert1988;Dunleavy1989).(iii)thedevelopmentofautomation,particularlyininformationtechnology,intheproductionanddistributionofpublicservices;and(iv)thedevelopmentofamoreintemationalagenda,increasinglyfocusedongeneralissuesofpublicmanagem

7、ent,policydesign,decisionstylesandinter-governmentalcooperation,ontopoftheoldertraditionofindividualcountryspecialismsinpublicadministration.(ThesetrendsarediscussedfurtherinHood1990b).NPM,likemostadministrativelabels,isalooseterm.Itsusefulnessliesinitsconvenienceasashorthandna

8、meforthesetofbroadlysimilaradministrativedoctrineswhic