Vaclav Smil - Harvesting the biosphere _ what we have taken from nature (2013, The MIT Press)

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1、HarvestingtheBiosphereAlsobyVaclavSmilChina’sEnergyEnergyintheDevelopingWorld(editedwithW.Knowland)EnergyAnalysisinAgriculture(withP.NachmanandT.V.LongII)BiomassEnergiesTheBadEarthCarbonNitrogenSulfurEnergyFoodEnvironmentEnergyinChina’sModernizationGeneralE

2、nergeticsChina’sEnvironmentalCrisisGlobalEcologyEnergyinWorldHistoryCyclesofLifeEnergiesFeedingtheWorldEnrichingtheEarthTheEarth’sBiosphereEnergyattheCrossroadsChina’sPast,China’sFutureCreatingthe20thCenturyTransformingthe20thCenturyEnergy:ABeginner’sGuideO

3、il:ABeginner’sGuideEnergyinNatureandSocietyGlobalCatastrophesandTrendsWhyAmericaIsNotaNewRomeEnergyTransitionsEnergyMythsandRealitiesPrimeMoversofGlobalizationJapan’sDietaryTransitionandItsImpacts(withK.Kobayashi)HarvestingtheBiosphereWhatWeHaveTakenfromNat

4、ureVaclavSmilTheMITPressCambridge,MassachusettsLondon,England©2013MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanyelectronicormechanicalmeans(includingphotocopying,recording,orinformationstorageandretrieval)w

5、ithoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.MITPressbooksmaybepurchasedatspecialquantitydiscountsforbusinessorsalespromotionaluse.Forinformation,pleaseemailspecial_sales@mitpress.mit.eduorwritetoSpecialSalesDepartment,TheMITPress,55HaywardStreet,Cambridge,MA0

6、2142.ThisbookwassetinSabonbyToppanBest-setPremediaLimited.PrintedonrecycledpaperandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataSmil,Vaclav.Harvestingthebiosphere:whatwehavetakenfromnature/VaclavSmil.p.cm.Includesbibliograph

7、icalreferencesandindex.ISBN978-0-262-01856-2(hardcover:alk.paper)1.Biomass.2.Biosphere.3.Naturalresources—Accounting.4.Environmentalauditing.5.Earth—Surface.I.Title.TP360.S552013333.95—dc23201202138110987654321ContentsPrefaceviiITheEarth’sBiomass:Stores,Pro

8、ductivity,Harvests11Biomass:DefinitionsandCompositions52BiomassStores:MeansandExtremes153BiomassProductivities314PhytomassHarvests415ZoomassHarvests516LandCoverandProductivityChanges59IIHistoryoftheHar