Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2012.03.pdf

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1、INTHISISSUEhenumberofnewdrugsapprovedperbillionUSdollarsinvestedinresearchanddevelopment(R&D)hasdeclinedprogressivelyTinthepast60years,despiteimprovementsinscientificandtechnologicalinputsintotheR&Dprocess.Giventheapparentlackofimpactsofarofmanysolutionstothisdecl

2、ineinR&Defficiency,Scannellandcolleaguesquestionwhethertheunderlyingproblemshavebeencorrectlydiagnosedanddiscussfactorstheyconsidertoberesponsible,withtheaimofstimulatingfurthersystematicanalysis.ItisanticipatedthatGETTYtheuseofbiomarkerstomatchtherightdrugtotheri

3、ghtpatientisoneEfficiencyofdrugR&Dp191strategythatcouldreducethesize,failureratesandcostofclinicaltrials.IntheirPerspectivearticle,KelloffandSigmanhighlightthebiomarkersexpressedduringcancerdevelopmentandprogression,focusingonthosethataremostrelevantforidentifying

4、patientswhoarelikelytorespondtoaspecifictherapy,andthosethataremosteffectiveformeasuringpatientresponse.Thedesignofbiomarker-basedcancerclinicaltrialsandtheassociatedchallengesareconsidered.Accumulatingevidencesuggeststhatindicatorsofimmunesystemactivityincancerpa

5、tientscanalsobeofprognosticvalueorbeusedtopredicttreatmentresponse.ThisisdiscussedbyGalluzziandcolleagues,whoreviewthecellularandmolecularNPGCancerbiomarkersp201mechanismsbywhichcurrentanticanceragentscanactivatetheimmunesystemagainstcancer,andtheirtherapeuticimpl

6、ications.Inappropriateimmunesystemactivationhasakeyroleinchronicinflammatorydisorders,acommonfeatureofwhichisboneloss.RedlichandSmolenreviewthemechanismsmediatingbonelossinsuchdisorders,anddiscusscurrentandemergingcounteractivetherapeuticstrategies.EDITORIALOFFICE

7、MAnAgingproductioneditor:JudithShadwellEDITORSLondonNatureReviews@nature.comSeniorproductioneditor:SimonFenwickTheMacmillanBuilding,4CrinanStreet,productioncontroLLer:NatalieSmithLondonN19XW,UKSenioreditoriALASSiStAnt:LauraCornsTel:+44(0)2078433620;editoriALASSiSt

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