微咸水造墒条件下植棉方式对产量与土壤水盐的影响

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1、2013年2月农业机械学报第44卷第2期doi:10．6041/j．issn．1000-1298．2013．02．019*微咸水造墒条件下植棉方式对产量与土壤水盐的影响121121张俊鹏曹彩云冯棣孙景生李科江刘浩(1．中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室，新乡453003;2．河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所，衡水053000)摘要:采用小区对比试验，研究了5g/L微咸水造墒条件下不同种植方式(基质育苗移栽覆膜、沙培育苗移栽覆膜、点播覆膜与基质育苗移栽不覆膜、沙培育苗移栽不覆

2、膜、点播不覆膜)对棉花土壤水盐变化过程、成苗率、叶面积指数、产量以及纤维品质的影响。结果表明，地膜覆盖通过减少土壤蒸发、提高土壤温度和抑制盐分表聚，削弱了盐分胁迫对棉花的危害程度，棉花的成苗率、花铃期前的叶面积指数、霜前花率以及产量均高于无覆盖处理，同时有效地提高了棉花的纤维品质;基质育苗移栽和沙培育苗移栽技术呈现了一定的增产潜力，尤其是在棉花生长中后期连阴天较多的2011年，育苗移栽棉花增产效果显著。关键词:棉花微咸水种植方式产量水盐变化中图分类号:S562;S273.4文献标识码:A文章编号

3、:1000-1298(2013)02-0097-06EffectsofDifferentPlantingPatternsonCottonYieldandSoilWater-saltunderBrackishWaterIrrigationbeforeSowing121121ZhangJunpengCaoCaiyunFengDiSunJingshengLiKejiangLiuHao(1．KeyLaboratoryofCropWaterUseandRegulation，MinistryofAgricu

4、lture，FarmlandIrrigationResearchInstitute，ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences，Xinxiang453003，China2．InstituteofDrylandFarming，HebeiAcademyofAgricultureandForestrySciences，Hengshui053000，China)Abstract:Effectsofsixplantingpatternsoncottonsoilwater-sa

5、ltmovement，seedlingrate，leafareaindex，yieldandfiberqualityunderirrigationbeforesowingwith5g/Lbrackishwaterwerestudiedbyplotcomparativetrial．Theplantingpatternswererespectivelyseedingraisingandsoil-substratetransplantingwithplasticmulching，seedingrais

6、inginsandandroot-nakedtransplantingwithplasticmulching，seedingraisingandsoil-substratetransplantingwithoutplasticmulching，seedingraisinginsandandroot-nakedtransplantingwithoutplasticmulching，andbunchplantingwithoutplasticmulching．Theresultsshowedthat

7、saltstresstowardscottonwasreducedbyapplyingplasticfilmmulchingtodecreasesoilevaporation，improvesoiltemperatureaswellasinhibitsaltaccumulationinsurface．Underthefilmmulchingconditions，thecottonseedlingrate，leafareaindexbeforeblossomingandbollformingsta

8、ge，pre-frostyieldandyieldwerehigherthanthatwithoutplasticmulching．Fiberqualitywasalsoimproved．Thetechniquesofseedingraisingandsoil-substratetransplantingandseedingraisinginsandandroot-nakedtransplantingshowedagoodyield-increasingpotential．Especiallyd