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1、棉花学报CottonScience2015袁27渊2冤院135―142覆盖措施对咸水结冰灌溉后土壤水盐动态和棉花生产的影响1,211,211*封晓辉袁张秀梅袁郭凯袁谢志霞袁刘小京(1.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室袁石家庄050021曰2.中国科学院大学袁北京100049)摘要院对咸水结冰灌溉融冰后不同防止返盐措施处理的土壤水盐动态以及棉花的出苗尧生长特征和产量进行了研究遥结果表明袁不同的覆盖措施对抑制土壤表层水分蒸发的效果有显著差异袁3月和4月份表层土壤含水量影响5月份的
2、含盐量袁而5月份表层土壤的含盐量直接决定棉花出苗率遥地膜覆盖和保留前茬旧膜的处理保墒抑盐效果最好袁棉花出苗率和产量也最高曰秸秆覆盖也有一定的抑盐效果曰而翻耕和中耕对土壤保墒抑盐的作用较差曰液态膜处理的抑盐效果最差袁棉花的出苗率和产量最低遥可见保留前茬旧膜是简便有效的保墒抑盐途径遥关键词院咸水结冰灌溉曰水盐运移曰覆盖曰重盐碱地曰棉花中图分类号院S562.04文献标志码院A文章编号院1002-7807渊2015冤02-0135-08院10.11963/issn.1002-7807.2015020061,21111*FengXi
3、aohui,ZhangXiumei,GuoKai,XieZhixia,LiuXiaojing(1.050021,;2.100049,)SalinewaterfreezingirrigationinwinterisaneffectivewaytoplantcottonintheheavysalinelandofnorthernChina,wherethereislittlefreshwatertocultivatecrops.Aftersalinewatericemeltsinspring,mulchingisnecessa
4、rytomaintainalowsaltcontentinthesurfacesoil.Inthisstudyweinvestigatedtheeffectsofdifferentfieldsoilsaltcontrolmeasuresontheemer-gencerateofcottonseeds,growthcharacteristicsandcottonyield.Theresultsindicatedthat,inspring,filmmulchingandoldfilmmulchingcouldeffective
5、lyreduceevaporationandsaltaccumulationatthesoilsurface.Strawmulchingwasthenextmosteffectivetreatment,followedbyliquidfilm,whiletillageandintertillageweretheleasteffectivetreatments.EmergenceofcottonseedswasdependentonthesaltcontentofthetopsoillayerinMay,whichwascl
6、oselyrelatedtosoilmoistureinMarchandApril.Cottonyieldswerepositivelycorrelatedwithseedemergencerates.Cottonyieldsoffieldsmulchedwithplasticfilmandoldfilmwerethehighestat3226.13and3142.14kg窑hm－2,respectively,whilecottonyieldsoffieldsmulchedwithstraw(2029.81kg窑hm－2)
7、andliquidfilm(782.79kg窑hm－2)weremuchlower.Accordingtothecottonseedemergenceratesandyields,thisstudyfoundthatoldfilmmulchingafterthesalineicemeltedcouldeffectivelycontrolsaltaccumulationandwasalsoatimeandlaborsavingmeasure.salinewaterfreezingirrigation;soilsaltandw
8、aterdynamics;mulching;heavysalinesoil;cotton在环渤海地区袁大面积的重盐碱地由于缺乏的原理和当地丰富的咸水资源在冬季对盐渍土淡水资源袁长期处于撂荒状态袁土地利用效率低进行结冰灌溉袁通过冰层对土体冻融过程的抑制下袁如何提高重盐碱地的利用效率是亟待解决的作用和冰层融
