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《测墒灌溉施肥对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、河南农业科学,2014,43(1):54=58。JournalofHenanAgriculturalSciences测墒灌溉施肥对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响潘晓莹,武继承,杨永辉,何方2(1.河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002;2.农业部作物高效用水原阳科学观测试验站,河南原阳453514)摘要:为探讨水肥耦合的最佳配置,在通许潮土区进行测墒灌溉与施肥相结合的水(Wl:不灌水;W2:田间最大持水量的55~6O;W3:田间最大持水量的75~8O;W4:足墒灌溉)肥eN1:一次施肥;N2:多次施肥)
2、耦合试验,探讨了不同水肥耦合条件对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,小麦旗叶净光合速率和蒸腾速率均随土壤含水量的增加而增加,叶片瞬时水分利用效率随土壤含水量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势;氮肥对小麦旗叶净光合速率、蒸腾速率、瞬时水分利用效率的影响均受土壤水分调控,在W1水分条件下氮肥对其有抑制作用,在其他水分条件下氮肥对其有促进作用。各处理间穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量均存在显著差异,产量随土壤含水量的增加先增加后减少,W3水分条件下最高;氮肥对小麦产量的影响规律同旗叶净光合速率、蒸腾速率、瞬时水分利用效率,产量以W
3、3N2处理最高,达9293.19kg/hm2。净光合速率和蒸腾速率与产量间呈显著正相关;成产要素与产量间均呈正相关,影响程度表现为小穗数>穗粒数>穗长>千粒重。关键词:测墒灌溉;冬小麦;光合特性;产量中图分类号:$512.1文献标志码:A文章编号:1004—3268(2014)01—0054一.05EffectsofIrrigationBasedonTestingSoilMoistureon.PhotosyntheticCharacteristicsandYieldofWinterWheatPANXiao—ying,WUJ
4、i—cheng’弘,YANGYong—hui,HEFang'。(1.InstituteofPlantNutrition&ResourceEnvironment,HenanAcademyofAgriculturalSciences.‘Zhengzhou450002,China;2.YuanyangExperimentalStationofCropWaterUse,MinistryofAgriculture,Yuanyang453514,China)Abstract:Inordertoexploretheoptimalallo
5、cationofwaterandfertilizercoupling。theexperi—mentofirrigationbasedontestingsoilmoistureandfertilizationcouplingwascarriedoutinTongxucountyinalluvialsoilarea,thewaterconditionsincludednoirrigation(W1),55一60ofmaximumfieldcapacity(W2),75一80ofmaximumfieldcapacity(W3),
6、fullirrigation(W4),andthefertilizationconditionsincludedonetimefertilization(N1)andmultiplefertilization(N2),andtheeffectsofwaterandfertilizercouplingonphotosvntheticcharacteristicsandyieldofwinterwheatwerediscussed.TheresultSshowedthatthenetDhotosyntheticrateandt
7、ranspira—tionrateofflag1eafincreasedwiththeincreaseofsoilmoisture,instantaneouswateruseefficien—cyfirstincreasedandthendecreased.Theeffectofnitrogenapplicationonnetphotosyntheticrate,transpirationrateandinstantaneouswateruseefficiencyofflagleafwasdecidedbythesoilm
8、oisture,allofthemdecreasedwiththeincreaseofnitrogenapplicationundernoirrigationcondi—tion,andincreasedundertheotherwaterconditions.Thereweresignificantd
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