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1、OpportunitiesandChallengesofPeer-to-PeerInternetVideoBroadcastJiangchuanLiu∗,SanjayG.Rao†,BoLi‡,andHuiZhang§∗SchoolofComputingScience,SimonFraserUniversityBurnaby,BritishColumbia,CanadaEmail:jcliu@cs.sfu.ca†SchoolofElectricalandComputerEngineering,PurdueUniversityWestLafayette,Indiana,USA
2、Email:sanjay@ecn.purdue.edu‡DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyClearWaterBay,HongKongEmail:bli@cs.ust.hk§SchoolofComputerScience,CarnegieMellonUniversityPittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USAEmail:hzhang@cs.cmu.eduAbstract—Therehavebeentremendousefforts
3、andmanydecades.Formuchofthe1990's,theresearchandindustrialtechnicalinnovationsinsupportingreal-timevideostreamingcommunityinvestigatedsupportforsuchapplicationsusinginthepasttwodecades,butcost-effectivelarge-scalevideotheIPMulticastarchitecture[13].However,seriousconcernsbroadcasthasremai
4、nedanelusivegoal.IPmulticastrepresentedregardingitsscaling,supportforhigherlevelfunctionality,andtheearlierattempttotacklethisproblem,butfailedlargelyduetoconcernsregardingscalability,deployment,andsupportfordeploymenthavedoggedIPMulticast.Thesparsedeploymenthigherlevelfunctionality.Recen
5、tly,peer-to-peerbasedbroadcastofIPMulticast,andthehighcostofbandwidthrequiredforhasemergedasapromisingtechnique,whichhasbeenshowntoserver-basedsolutionsorContentDeliveryNetworks(CDNs)becosteffectiveandeasytodeploy.Thisnewparadigmbringsaaretwomainfactorsthathavelimitedbroadcasttoonlyanumbe
6、rofuniqueadvantagessuchasscalability,resilienceandsubsetofInternetcontentpublishers.Whilemanynetworkalsoeffectivenessincopingwithdynamicsandheterogeneity.Whilepeer-to-peerapplicationssuchasfiledownloadandvoiceserviceprovidershaveenabledIPTVservicesthatdeliveroverIPhavegainedtremendouspopul
7、arity,videobroadcastqualityvideototheirownsubscribersusingpacketswitching,isstillinitsearlystagesanditsfullpotentialremainstobethereremainsaneedforcost-effective,ubiquitoussupportforseen.Thisarticlereviewsthestate-of-the-artofpeer-to-peerInternet-widevideobroadcast,
