Biochemical Conversion of Biomass – Challenges & Opportunities

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1、BiochemicalConversionofBiomass–Challenges&OpportunitiesNirmalaKaushik&SoumitraBiswasPresentedinthe22nd.IndianEngineeringCongress(IEC-07),Udaipur,December14-16,2007AbstractThetechnologyofderivingbio-energyandothervalue-addedproductsfromrenewablebio-resourceshasbeenreceivingmuchattentiongloballydue

2、tothekeyfactorssuchasenvironmentallybenignlowenergyintensiveoperationsandoptimalutilizationofbio-resources.Bio-energycouldalsobeinstrumentalfortheenhancementofruraleconomycoupledwiththeemploymentgenerationatthegrassrootslevel.Biofuelsbroadlyclassifiedassolid,liquid,orgaseousfuelcouldbederivedfrom

3、thenaturalbiomass.Twomostpromisingpathwaysforbiomassconversionforthenextgenerationofbio-fuelsarebio-chemicalandthermo-chemicalplatforms.Thepaperdiscussesthelatesttechnologicaladvancesinbio-chemicalconversionofligno-cellulosicbiomassintofuelsandothervalue-addedproducts.Hybridtechnologyintervention

4、ssuchasenzymaticconversionofsyn-gasintobiopolymersandfermentationofbio-oilderivedbypyrolysisintoethanolwouldbecovered.Biochemicalconversionsplaymajorroleintheproductionofbiofuelslikebio-ethanol,andalsoawidearrayofbioproducts.Developmentofeconomicallyviableprocessforproductionofethanolandco-produc

5、tsinanenvironment-friendlyandenergyefficientmannerfromcellulosicbiomassresourcescanbeinstrumentalforprovidingenergysecurityandenvironmentalsustainability.Thebiomass-to-ethanolconversionprocessinvolveshydrolyzingthebiomasstofermentablesugarstoproduceethanol;theintermediatesugarscanalsobeutilizedto

6、obtainothervalue-addedchemicals.Thenaturalstructureofbiomassisresistanttoitseasyseparationintotheprimarystreamsviz.cellulose,hemi-celluloseandlignin.Thehighcostofcellulase&hemi-cellulaseenzymesrequiredforthefermentationofcellulose&hemi-celluloseintosugarsalsodoesnotcontributefavorablytotheprocess

7、economics.ThereexistsastrongneedfordevelopinggeneticallyengineeredorganismsascheapersourceofenzymesforthefermentationofC5&C6sugarstoethanol.Thesearecurrentlythelimitationsforcommercializationofbiomasstoethanol.TheUSnat