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1、DistributedOperatingSystemsANDREWS.TANENBAUMandROBBERTVANRENESSEDepartmentofMathematicsandComputerScience,VrijeUniversiteit,Amsterdam,TheNetherlandsDistributedoperatingsystemshavemanyaspectsincommonwithcentralizedones,buttheyalsodifferincertainways.Thispaperisintendedasanintroducti
2、ontodistributedoperatingsystems,andespeciallytocurrentuniversityresearchaboutthem.Afteradiscussionofwhatconstitutesadistributedoperatingsystemandhowitisdistinguishedfromacomputernetwork,variouskeydesignissuesarediscussed.Thenseveralexamplesofcurrentresearchprojectsareexaminedinsome
3、detail,namely,theCambridgeDistributedComputingSystem,Amoeba,V,andEden.CategoriesandSubjectDescriptors:C.2.4[Computer-CommunicationsNetworks]:DistributedSystems-networkoperatingsystem;D.4.3[OperatingSystems]:FileSystemsManagement-distributedfilesystems;D.4.5[OperatingSystems]:Reliab
4、ility-faulttolerance;D.4.6[OperatingSystems]:SecurityandProtection-accesscontrols;D.4.7[OperatingSystems]:OrganizationandDesign-distributedsystemsGeneralTerms:Algorithms,Design,Experimentation,Reliability,SecurityAdditionalKeyWordsandPhrases:FileserverINTRODUCTIONmoreconvenienttous
5、ethanthebarema-chine.Examplesofwell-knowncentralizedEveryoneagreesthatdistributedsystems(i.e.,notdistributed)operatingsystemsarearegoingtobeveryimportantinthefuture.CP/M,’MS-DOS,’andUNIX.3Unfortunately,noteveryoneagreesonAdistributedoperatingsystemisonethatwhattheymeanbytheterm“dis
6、tributedlookstoitsuserslikeanordinarycentral-system.”Inthispaperwepresentaview-izedoperatingsystembutrunsonmulti-pointwidelyheldwithinacademiaaboutple,independentcentralprocessingunitswhatisandisnotadistributedsystem,we(CPUs).Thekeyconcepthereistranspar-discussnumerousinterestingde
7、signissuesency.Inotherwords,theuseofmultipleconcerningthem,andfinallyweconcludeprocessorsshouldbeinvisible(transparent)withafairlycloselookatsomeexperimen-totheuser.Anotherwayofexpressingthetaldistributedsystemsthatarethesubjectsameideaistosaythattheuserviewsofongoingresearchatuniv
8、ersities.thesystemasa“virt
