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1、第12页TheRepresentativeofSupermanoftheJackLondonType——AnAnalysisofBuckoftheCalloftheWildⅠIntroduction1.1IntroducingtheAuthorJackLondon(1876-1916),Americanwriter,whoisbestknownforhisstoriesofadventuresetintheYukon,wasannaturalistwhowroteinthetraditionofKilpling
2、andRobertLouisStevenson,hislifesymbolizedthepowerofwill,wasthemostsuccessfulwriterinAmericaintheearly20thCentury.Hisvigorousstoriesofmenandanimalsagainsttheenvironment,andsurvivalagainsthardshipsweredrawnmainlyfromhisownexperience.Anillegitimatechild,Londonp
3、assedhischildhoodinpovertyintheOaklandslums.Attheageof17,heventuredtoseaonasealingship.Theturningpointofhislifewasathirty-dayimprisonmentthatwassodegradingitmadehimdecidetoturntoeducationandpursueacareerinwriting.HisyearsintheKlondikesearchingforgoldleftthei
4、rmarkinhisbestshortstories;amongthem,TheCalloftheWild,andWhiteFang.Hisbestnovel,TheSea-Wolf,wasbasedonhisexperiencesatsea.HisworkembracedtheconceptsofunconfinedindividualismandDarwinisminitsexplorationofthelawsofnature，andhewasalsoaMarxistwhoisrememberedmore
5、forhissuperheroesinhisdipitionoftheexploitedmasses.LondonwasstronglyinfluencedbyhisreadingsinMarxandHegel,buthealsoreadHerbertSpencer,Darwin,andNietzsche.Theresultwasastrangeamalgationofideas----ahumanitarianismandbeliefinclasssolidaritycombinedwithanadmirat
6、ionforindividualheroes.JustasLondonwasindividualistic,sohisplaceinliteraryhistoryisanomalous.Fromhisworks,readerscanfindthatSupermanorOvermanisthefondesttopictohim,suchasHimofLoveofLife,LarsenofTheSeaWolf,MartininMartinEdenandBuckinTheCalloftheWild,whichrefe
7、rtohisownexperiences.ThejourneytoAlaskamakeshimclearlyrealizethatthereisnoplacefortheweak,ifyouwanttosurviveyoumustbestrongenough.Indeed,Heisalsoastrongman.Therefore,itisnaturalforhimtoadvocatesupermanandtoadmiresuperman,tocallsupermanandtopraisesuperman.Asw
8、eknow,FriedrichNietzscheproposedhisfamousOvermanphilosophyinthelate1950s,andhisthoughtinfluencedJackLondonmoreorless.InthethesisofGuojia,whothoughtthat“Itwasjustthe‘Overman’thesisofNietzschethat
