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1、Transmissionelectronmicroscopy-Wikipedia,thefreee...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_micro...FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaTransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)isamicroscopytechniquewherebyabeamofelectronsistransmittedthroughanultrathinspecim
2、en,interactingwiththespecimenasitpassesthrough.Animageisformedfromtheinteractionoftheelectronstransmittedthroughthespecimen;theimageismagnifiedandfocusedontoanimagingdevice,suchasafluorescentscreen,onalayerofphotographicfilm,ortobedetectedbyasensorsuchasaCCDcam
3、era.TEMsarecapableofimagingatasignificantlyhigherresolutionthanlightmicroscopes,owingtothesmalldeBrogliewavelengthofelectrons.Thisenablestheinstrument'susertoexaminefinedetail—evenassmallasasinglecolumnofatoms,whichistensofthousandstimessmallerthanthesmallestre
4、solvableobjectinalightmicroscope.TEMformsamajoranalysismethodinarangeofscientificfields,inbothphysicalandbiologicalsciences.TEMsfindapplicationinATEMimageofthepoliovirus.cancerresearch,virology,materialsscienceaswellasThepoliovirusis30nminsize.[1]pollution,nano
5、technology,andsemiconductorresearch.AtsmallermagnificationsTEMimagecontrastisduetoabsorptionofelectronsinthematerial,duetothethicknessandcompositionofthematerial.Athighermagnificationscomplexwaveinteractionsmodulatetheintensityoftheimage,requiringexpertanalysis
6、ofobservedimages.AlternatemodesofuseallowfortheTEMtoobservemodulationsinchemicalidentity,crystalorientation,electronicstructureandsampleinducedelectronphaseshiftaswellastheregularabsorptionbasedimaging.ThefirstTEMwasbuiltbyMaxKnollandErnstRuskain1931,withthisgr
7、oupdevelopingthefirstTEMwithresolvingpowergreaterthanthatoflightin1933andthefirstcommercialTEMin1939.1History1.1Initialdevelopment1.2Improvingresolution1.3Furtherresearch2Background2.1Electrons2.2Sourceformation2.3Optics2.4Display3Components3.1Vacuumsystem3.2Sp
8、ecimenstage3.3Electrongun3.4Electronlens3.5Apertures第1页共22页2011-8-820:36Transmissionelectronmicroscopy-Wikipedia,thefreee...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electro
