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1、LeadingEdgeReviewControloftheEmbryonicStemCellStateRichardA.Young1,2,*1WhiteheadInstituteforBiomedicalResearch,Cambridge,MA02142,USA2DepartmentofBiology,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,MA02142,USA*Correspondence:young@wi.mit.eduDOI10.1016/j.cell.2011.01.032Embryonicstemcellsandind
2、ucedpluripotentstemcellsholdgreatpromiseforregenerativemedi-cine.Thesecellscanbepropagatedincultureinanundifferentiatedstatebutcanbeinducedtodifferentiateintospecializedcelltypes.Moreover,thesecellsprovideapowerfulmodelsystemforstudiesofcellularidentityandearlymammaliandevelopment.Recentstudie
3、shaveprovidedinsightsintothetranscriptionalcontrolofembryonicstemcellstate,includingtheregulatorycircuitryunderlyingpluripotency.Thesestudieshave,asaconsequence,uncoveredfundamentalmechanismsthatcontrolmammaliangeneexpression,connectgeneexpressiontochromosomestructure,andcontributetohumandisea
4、se.IntroductionregulatorsthathavebeenimplicatedincontrolofESCstateEmbryonicstemcells(ESCs)arepluripotent,self-renewingcellsanddiscusshowtheycontributetothegeneexpressionprogramthatarederivedfromtheinnercellmass(ICM)ofthedevelopingofpluripotencyandself-renewal.blastocyst.Pluripotencyisthecapaci
5、tyofasinglecelltogenerateallcelllineagesofthedevelopingandadultorganism.TheStemCellStateSelf-renewalistheabilityofacelltoproliferateinthesamestate.ESCsareperhapsuniqueinthatthey’vebeenthesubjectofThemolecularmechanismsthatcontrolESCpluripotencyandvirtuallyeveryscaleofinvestigationfromlarge-sca
6、legenomicsself-renewalareimportanttodiscoverbecausetheyarekeytoandprotein-DNAinteractionstudiestohighlyfocusedmecha-understandingdevelopment.Becausedefectsindevelopmentnisticstudiesofindividualregulatoryfactors.Thecombinedcausemanydifferentdiseases,improvedunderstandingofresultsofthesesystems-
7、levelandmolecularapproachesoffercontrolmechanismsinpluripotentcellsmayleadtonewthera-adefinitionofembryonicstemcellstateintermsofglobalpiesforthesediseases.generegulation,whichservesasbothabaselineforunder-ESCshaveageneexpressionprogramt
