Geographic Data Mining and Knowledge discovery.PDF

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1、J.P.WilsonandA.S.Fotheringham(eds.)HandbookofGeographicInformationScience,inpress.GeographicDataMiningandKnowledgeDiscoveryHarveyJ.MillerDepartmentofGeographyUniversityofUtah260S.CentralCampusDr.Room270SaltLakeCity,UT84112-9155harvey.miller@geog.utah.edu1.IntroductionGeograph

2、icinformationscienceexistsinanincreasinglydata-richandcomputation-richenvironment.Thecoverageandvolumeofdigitalgeographicdatasetsareextensiveandgrowing.Highspatial,temporalandspectralresolutionremotesensingsystemsandotherenvironmentalmonitoringdevicesgathervastamountsofgeo-re

3、ferenceddigitalimagery,video,andsound.Geographicdatacollectiondeviceslinkedtolocation-awaretechnologies(LATs)suchastheglobalpositioningsystemallowfieldresearcherstocollectunprecedentedamountsofdata.OtherLATssuchascellphones,in-vehiclenavigationsystemsandwirelessInternetclient

4、scancapturedataonindividualmovementpatterns.InformationinfrastructureinitiativessuchastheU.S.NationalSpatialDataInfrastructurearefacilitatingdatasharingandinteroperability.ThegrowthofcomputingpoweriswidelyexpectedtocontinuetheexponentialrateimpliedbyMoore’sLawforatleasttwoort

5、hreemoredecades.Traditionalspatialanalyticalmethodsweredevelopedwhendatacollectionwasexpensiveandcomputationalpowerwasweak.Theincreasingvolumeanddiversenatureofdigitalgeographicdataeasilyoverwhelmtechniquesthataredesignedtoteaseinformationfromsmall,scientificallysampledandhom

6、ogenousdatasets.Traditionalstatisticalmethods,particularlyspatialstatistics,havehighcomputationalburdens.Theyarealsoconfirmatoryandrequiretheresearchertohaveapriorihypotheses,meaningthattheycannotdiscoverunexpectedorsurprisinginformation(MillerandHan2001).Thischapterdiscusses

7、theprocessofgeographicknowledgediscovery(GKD)andoneofitscentralcomponents,namely,geographicdatamining.GKDisbasedonabeliefthatthereisnovelandusefulgeographicknowledgehiddenintheunprecedentedamountandscopeofdigitalgeo-referenceddatabeingcollected,archivedandsharedbyresearchers,

8、publicagenciesandtheprivatesector.Thisknowledgecannotberevealedusing