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1、1OverviewofdataminingThisfirstchapterdefinesdataminingandsetsoutitsmainapplicationsandcontributionstodatabasemarketing,customerrelationshipmanagementandotherfinancial,industrial,medicalandscientificfields.Italsoconsidersthepositionofdatamininginrelationtostatistics,whichprovide
2、sitwithmanyofitsmethodsandtheoreticalconcepts,andinrelationtoinformationtechnology,whichprovidestherawmaterial(data),thecomputingresourcesandthecommu-nicationchannels(theoutputoftheresults)toothercomputerapplicationsandtotheusers.Wewillalsolookatthelegalconstraintsonperson
3、aldataprocessing;theseconstraintshavebeenestablishedtoprotecttheindividuallibertiesofpeoplewhosedataarebeingprocessed.Thechapterconcludeswithanoutlineofthemainfactorsinthesuccessofaproject.1.1Whatisdatamining?Dataminingandstatistics,formerlyconfinedtothefieldsoflaboratoryres
4、earch,clinicaltrials,actuarialstudiesandriskanalysis,arenowspreadingtonumerousareasofinvestigation,rangingfromtheinfinitelysmall(genomics)totheinfinitelylarge(astrophysics),fromthemostgeneral(customerrelationshipmanagement)tothemostspecialized(assistancetopilotsinaviation),f
5、romthemostopen(e-commerce)tothemostsecret(preventionofterrorism,frauddetectioninmobiletelephonyandbankcardapplications),fromthemostpractical(qualitycontrol,productionmanagement)tothemosttheoretical(humansciences,biology,medicineandpharmacology),andfromthemostbasic(agricult
6、uralandfoodscience)tothemostentertaining(audiencepredictionfortelevision).Fromthislistalone,itisclearthattheapplicationsofdataminingandstatisticscoveraverywidespectrum.Themostrelevantfieldsarethosewherelargevolumesofdatahavetobeanalysed,sometimeswiththeaimofrapiddecisionmak
7、ing,asinthecaseofsomeoftheexamplesgivenabove.Decisionassistanceisbecominganobjectiveofdataminingandstatistics;wenowexpectthesetechniquestodomorethansimplyprovideamodelofrealitytohelpustounderstandit.Thisapproachisnotcompletelynew,andisalreadyestablishedinmedicine,wheresome
8、treatmentshavebeendevelopedonthebasisofstatisticalanalysis,eventhoughthebiologicalmechani
