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1、System,Vol.25,No.4,pp.535-544,1997Pergamon1997ElsevierScienceLtdAllrightsreserved.PrintedinGreatBritainPIhS0346-251X(97)00046-80346-251X/97$17.00+0.00WHATDOWEMEANBYFLUENCY?FRANCINECHAMBERSUniversityofSouthampton,SchoolofModernLanguages,FacultyofArts,AvenueCampus,Southampton,S0171BF,UKFluencyis
2、acommonlyusednotioninforeignlanguageteaching,frequentlycontrastedwithaccuracyespeciallyinacommunicativelanguageteaching.Inordinarylifeitoftenhasanextendedmeaningandisusedasasynonymofoveralloralproficiency.Onthecontrary,intheassessmentofforeignlanguageproficiency,itisoneofseveraldescriptorsofor
3、alperformance.Despitethebeliefthatweshareacommondefinitionaslanguageteachersandresearchers,thereissomeevidencethatagreementcannotbetakenforgrantedandvariousinterpretationscoexist.Thepurposeofthispaperistoreviewrecentresearchintothequalitativeandquantitativeaspectsoffluencyinordertoarriveatacle
4、arerdefinitionoftheword,bothasaperformancedescriptorfororalassessmentofforeignlanguagelearnersandasanindicatorofprogressinlanguagelearning.Itissuggestedthatresearchintotemporalvariablesinspeechproductionprovidesconcreteevidencewhichcancontributetoamoreprecisedefinitionoffluency.Howeverapurelyq
5、uantitativedefinitionofflu-encydoesnotenableustodiscoverhowtofacilitateefficientprocessesofspeechproductions.Aqualitative,linguisticanalysisofthelanguageproducedbyadvancedlanguagelearnersrevealssomeofthelinksbetweenlinguisticknowledgeandperformanceskills.©1997ElsevierScienceLtdINTRODUCTIONFlue
6、ncyisacommonlyusednotioninforeignlanguageteachingandyetitisaconceptdifficulttodefineprecisely.Itsfrequentuseasadescriptoroforalperformanceinthecourseofassessmentrequiresthatweagreeonwhatconstitutesfluency.Asteacherswealsoneedtoknowhowitdevelopsinordertocreatetheconditionsinwhichforeignlan-guag
7、elearnersincreasetheirfluency.Itisoftenassumedbyteachersandlearnersthatpracticewillhelpthemechanismsofproduction,buthowpreciselythisdoeshappenisnotclear.Thereisanimplicitbeliefthatfluencycannotbetaughtandthatitwillemergenaturally,forexa
