What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI nature.pdf

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1、Vol453j12June2008jdoi:10.1038/nature06976REVIEWSWhatwecandoandwhatwecannotdowithfMRI1NikosK.LogothetisFunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)iscurrentlythemainstayofneuroimagingincognitiveneuroscience.Advancesinscannertechnology,imageacquisitionprotocols,experimental

2、design,andanalysismethodspromisetopushforwardfMRIfrommerecartographytothetruestudyofbrainorganization.However,fundamentalquestionsconcerningtheinterpretationoffMRIdataabound,astheconclusionsdrawnoftenignoretheactuallimitationsofthemethodology.HereIgiveanoverviewofthec

3、urrentstateoffMRI,anddrawonneuroimagingandphysiologicaldatatopresentthecurrentunderstandingofthehaemodynamicsignalsandtheconstraintstheyimposeonneuroimagingdatainterpretation.agneticresonanceimaging(MRI)isthemostimportantPerhapstheextremepositionsonbothsidesresultfrom

4、apoorimagingadvancesincetheintroductionofX-raysbyunderstandingoftheactualcapacitiesandlimitationsofthistech-MConradRo¨ntgenin1895.Sinceitsintroductioninthenology,aswellas,frequently,aconfusionbetweenfMRIshortcom-clinicinthe1980s,ithasassumedaroleofunparalleledingsandp

5、otentialflawsinmodellingtheorganizationalprinciplesofimportanceindiagnosticmedicineandmorerecentlyinbasicresearch.thefacultiesunderinvestigation.Forexample,afrequentlymadeInmedicine,MRIisprimarilyusedtoproducestructuralimagesofassumptionisthatthemindcanbesubdividedint

6、omodulesorpartsorgans,includingthecentralnervoussystem,butitcanalsoprovidewhoseactivitycanthenbestudiedwithfMRI.Ifthisassumptionisinformationonthephysico-chemicalstateoftissues,theirvasculariza-false,thenevenifthebrain’sarchitectureismodular,wewouldnevertion,andperfus

7、ion.Althoughallofthesecapacitieshavelongbeenbeabletomapmindmodulesontobrainstructures,becauseaunifiedwidelyappreciated,itwastheemergenceoffunctionalMRI(fMRI)—amindhasnocomponentstospeakof.Eveniftrue,thechallengetechniqueformeasuringhaemodynamicchangesafterenhancedrema

8、insincomingupwiththecorrectrecursivedecompositions—neuralactivity—intheearly1990sthathadarealimpactonbasicineachofwhichanygi