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1、IEEETRANSACTIONSONINFORMATIONTHEORY,VOL.49,NO.5,MAY20031073DiversityandMultiplexing:AFundamentalTradeoffinMultiple-AntennaChannelsLizhongZheng,Member,IEEE,andDavidN.C.Tse,Member,IEEEAbstract—Multipleantennascanbeusedforincreasingtheworkhasconcentratedonusingmultipletransmi
2、tantennasamountofdiversityorthenumberofdegreesoffreedominwire-togetdiversity(someexamplesaretrellis-basedspace–timelesscommunicationsystems.Inthispaper,weproposethepointcodes[6],[7]andorthogonaldesigns[8],[3]).However,theofviewthatbothtypesofgainscanbesimultaneouslyobtaine
3、dunderlyingideaisstillaveragingovermultiplepathgainsforagivenmultiple-antennachannel,butthereisafundamentaltradeoffbetweenhowmuchofeachanycodingschemecan(fadingcoefficients)toincreasethereliability.Inasystemget.FortherichlyscatteredRayleigh-fadingchannel,wegiveawithtransmi
4、tandreceiveantennas,assumingthepathsimplecharacterizationoftheoptimaltradeoffcurveanduseittogainsbetweenindividualantennapairsareindependentandevaluatetheperformanceofexistingmultipleantennaschemes.identicallydistributed(i.i.d.)Rayleighfaded,themaximalIndexTerms—Diversity,
5、multipleinput–multipleoutputdiversitygainis,whichisthetotalnumberoffadinggains(MIMO),multipleantennas,space–timecodes,spatialmulti-thatonecanaverageover.plexing.Transmitorreceivediversityisameanstocombatfading.AdifferentlineofthoughtsuggeststhatinaMIMOchannel,I.INTRODUCTIO
6、Nfadingcaninfactbebeneficial,throughincreasingthedegreesoffreedomavailableforcommunication[2],[1].Essentially,ULTIPLEantennasareanimportantmeanstoimproveifthepathgainsbetweenindividualtransmit–receiveantennaMtheperformanceofwirelesssystems.Itiswidelyunder-pairsfadeindepend
7、ently,thechannelmatrixiswellconditionedstoodthatinasystemwithmultipletransmitandreceivean-withhighprobability,inwhichcasemultipleparallelspatialtennas(multiple-input–multiple-output(MIMO)channel),thechannelsarecreated.Bytransmittingindependentinformationspectralefficiencyi
8、smuchhigherthanthatoftheconventionalstreamsinparallelthroughthespatialchannels,thedatarat
