USA common core standards-English.pdf

USA common core standards-English.pdf

ID:33901585

大小:1.21 MB

页数:93页

时间:2019-03-01

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1、COMMONCORESTATESTANDARDSFORMathematicsCOMMONCORESTATESTANDARDSforMATHEMATICSTableofContentsIntroduction3StandardsforMathematicalPractice6StandardsforMathematicalContentKindergarten9Grade113Grade217Grade321Grade427Grade533Grade639Grade746Grade852HighSchool—IntroductionHighSc

2、hool—NumberandQuantity58HighSchool—Algebra62HighSchool—Functions67HighSchool—Modeling72HighSchool—Geometry74HighSchool—StatisticsandProbability79Glossary85SampleofWorksConsulted91COMMONCORESTATESTANDARDSforMATHEMATICSIntroductionTowardgreaterfocusandcoherenceMathematicsexpe

3、riencesinearlychildhoodsettingsshouldconcentrateon(1)number(whichincludeswholenumber,operations,andrelations)and(2)geometry,spatialrelations,andmeasurement,withmoremathematicslearningtimedevotedtonumberthantoothertopics.Mathematicalprocessgoalsshouldbeintegratedintheseconte

4、ntareas.—MathematicsLearninginEarlyChildhood,NationalResearchCouncil,2009Thecompositestandards[ofHongKong,KoreaandSingapore]haveanumberoffeaturesthatcaninformaninternationalbenchmarkingprocessforthedevelopmentofK–6mathematicsstandardsintheU.S.First,thecompositestandardsconc

5、entratetheearlylearningofmathematicsonthenumber,measurement,andgeometrystrandswithlessemphasisondataanalysisandlittleexposuretoalgebra.TheHongKongstandardsforgrades1–3devoteapproximatelyhalfthetargetedtimetonumbersandalmostallthetimeremainingtogeometryandmeasurement.—Ginsbu

6、rg,LeinwandandDecker,2009Becausethemathematicsconceptsin[U.S.]textbooksareoftenweak,thepresentationbecomesmoremechanicalthanisideal.Welookedatbothtraditionalandnon-traditionaltextbooksusedintheUSandfoundthisconceptualweaknessinboth.—Ginsburgetal.,2005Therearemanywaystoorgan

7、izecurricula.Thechallenge,nowrarelymet,istoavoidthosethatdistortmathematicsandturno!students.—Steen,2007Foroveradecade,researchstudiesofmathematicseducationinhigh-performingcountrieshavepointedtotheconclusionthatthemathematicscurriculumintheUnitedStatesmustbecomesubstantial

8、lymorefocusedandcoherentinordertoimprovemathematicsachievementinthiscountry.Todeli

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