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1、RESEARCHDESIGNQualitative,Quantitative,andmixedmethodsapproachesSECONDEDITIONJOHNW.CRESWELL1BriefContentsPrefacexixAcknowledgmentxxviPart1:PreliminaryConsiderations11.AFrameworkforDesign32.ReviewoftheLiterature273.WritingStrategiesandEthicalConsiderations49PartII.DesigningResearc
2、h714.Theintroduction735.ThepurposeStatement876.ResearchquestionsandHypotheses1057.TheuseofTheory1198.Definitions,Limitations,andSignificance1429.Quantitativemethods15310.QualitativeProcedures17911.MixedMethodProcedures208Reference228Authorindex237Subjectindex240AbouttheAuthor2462
3、CHAPTERONEAFrameworkFordesignInthepasttwodecades,researchapproacheshavemultipliedtoapointatwhichinvestigatoryorinquireshavemanychoices.Forthosedesigningaproposalorplan,Irecommendthatageneralframeworkbeadoptedtoprovideguidanceaboutallfacetsofthestudy,fromassessingthegeneralphiloso
4、phicalideasbeingtheinquirytothedetaileddatacollectionandanalysisprocedures.Usinganextantframeworkalsoallowsresearcherstolodgetheirplansinideaswellgroupedintheliteratureandrecognizedbyaudiences(e.g.,facultycommittee)thatreadandsupportproposalsforresearch.Whatframeworksexistfordesi
5、gningaproposal.Althoughdifferenttypesandtermsaboundintheliterature,Iwillfocusonthree:quantitative,qualitative,andmixedmethodsapproaches.Thefirsthasbeenavailabletothesocialandhumanscientistforyears,thesecondhasemergedprimarilyduringthelastthreeorfourdecades,andthelastsisnewandstil
6、ldevelopinginformandsubstance.Thischapterintroducesthereaderothethreeapproachestoresearch,Isuggestthattounderstandthem,theproposaldeveloperneedstoconsiderthreeframeworkelements:philosophicalassumptionsaboutwhatconstitutesknowledgeclaims;generalproceduresofresearchcalledstrategies
7、ofinquiry,anddetailedproceduresofdatacollection,analysis,andwriting,calledmethods.Qualitative,quantitative,andmixedmethodsapproachesframeeachoftheseelementsdifferently,andthesedifferencesareidentifiedanddiscussedinthischapter.Thentypicalscenariosthatcombinehethreeelementsareadvan
8、ced,followedbythereasonswheyonewouldchoo
