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1、本文出處:葉俊榮,2003,民主轉型與金錢政治的法律因應,國家發展研究,第二卷第二期,頁1-29。民主轉型與金錢政治的法律因應葉俊榮國立台灣大學法律學院專任教授[摘要]歷經了四十多年的威權統治,原本是屬於黨國威權體制下的黑金政治問題,隨著民主轉型而多元化。隨著中央國會的全面改選,企業與政治勢力逐漸進駐國會,人民選舉民意代表的「代理成本」(agencycost)隨著社會多元化反而逐漸提高。相對的,對於金錢政治的處理,也逐漸朝向多元化發展。本文從管制理論的方法出發,將金錢政治的管制態樣分為政治迴避與預防、政治競爭、行為規範、財產公開以及政治責任等五大面向。傳統從外圍的責任與迴
2、避來對金錢政治進行規範。隨著政治自由化,財產公開的管制,也逐漸受到重視。行為規範與政治競爭程序,則是最後發展的面向。未來我們對於金錢政治的管制,自應強化此兩大領域的建制。本文認為,公務人員(或政治人物)在進入政治場域時,無論是在進入之前、進入後或是離開之後,法制上都必須有一套完整的規範以防弊。這不僅僅是要對於公務人員的行為有所規範,也希望藉此一透明機制,讓公務人員知所依循。關鍵詞:陽光法案、金錢政治、政治管制、黑金政治、陽光政治、民主轉型、貪污、政治競爭、管制理論1DemocraticTransitionandRegulatoryUnderpinningsofMoneyP
3、oliticsJiunn-RongYehProfessorofLaw,CollegeofLaw,NationalTaiwanUniversity[Abstract]WhileTaiwantransformedsuccessfullyfromauthoritarianruletodemocracy,theproblemsofmoneypoliticshavenotbeenresolvedbut,instead,becomeevenmorecomplexandmultifaceted.Specialinterestshavecapturednationalpoliticswi
4、thopenelectionsofrepresentativebodies.“Agencycost”betweenpeopleandtheirrepresentatives,whichwoulddecreaseindemocracy,neverthelessincreasewithTaiwan’sdemocratizationanditssocietybecomingdiverse.Asaconsequence,inthepost-hegemonicera,theregulatoryunderpinningsofmoneypoliticsmustbetackledwith
5、morediverseanddynamicdirections.Thispaperarguesthatmoneypoliticsregulationsaredividedintofivetypes:rulesofprevention,rulesofcompetition,behavioralrules,sunshinerulesandrulesofaccountability.Thetraditionalfocusofmoneypoliticsregulationshasbeenplacedupontherulesofpreventionandaccountability
6、.Withthedevelopmentofpoliticalliberalizationanddemocratization,sunshineruleshavegraduallygainedmuchattention.Bothrulesofcompetitionandbehavioralrules,however,areimportantstrategiesthatwemustputanacuteemphasisonnow,aswelookforwardpoliticaldevelopment.Theauthoralsosuggeststhateffectiveregul
7、ationsonofficialbehaviorsextendbeforetheentryandaftertheexitofpublicofficials.Thisservesnotonlythecomprehensivecycleofbehavioralrulesforpublicofficialsbutalso,moreimportantly,providesasetoftransparentrulesforthemtofollow.Keywords:SunshineAct,MoneyPolitics,Corruption