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1、Symbols,Signals,andSocialNormsinPoliticsandtheLawAuthor(s):EricA.PosnerSource:TheJournalofLegalStudies,Vol.27,No.2,SocialNorms,SocialMeaning,andtheEconomicAnalysisofLaw(Jun.,1998),pp.765-798Publishedby:TheUniversityofChicagoPressStableURL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/724670Accessed:25/
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4、aJSTORtransmissionmustcontainthesamecopyrightnoticethatappearsonthescreenorprintedpageofsuchtransmission.JSTORisanot-for-profitservicethathelpsscholars,researchers,andstudentsdiscover,use,andbuilduponawiderangeofcontentinatrusteddigitalarchive.Weuseinformationtechnologyandtoolstoincre
5、aseproductivityandfacilitatenewformsofscholarship.FormoreinformationaboutJSTOR,pleasecontactsupport@jstor.org.TheUniversityofChicagoPressiscollaboratingwithJSTORtodigitize,preserveandextendaccesstoTheJournalofLegalStudies.http://www.jstor.orgSYMBOLS,SIGNALS,ANDSOCIALNORMSINPOLITICSAND
6、THELAWERICA.POSNER*ABSTRACTThisarticleusesasignalingmodeltoexplaintheroleofsymbolsinpeople'sbehaviorandbeliefs,withspecialattentiontolegalmanipulationofsymbols.Itisarguedthatcertainactionsbecomesymbolicbecausetheyhavethepropercoststructureandbecausetheyare,forhistoricalorpsychological
7、reasons,focal.Thegovernmentcanintheoryusestandardlegalinstruments(whichmainlyaffectthecostofthesignal)tochangeequilibriumbehaviorandbelief.Theuseofthelawinthiswayislikelytohaveunpredictableeffectsbecauseofmultipleequilibriaandofthesensitivityofbehaviortoparameters,butitoccursfrequentl
8、ybeca
